# Eukaryotic (DD-003)

> Your cells are packed with tiny organs: a tour of the specialized organelles inside every eukaryotic cell.

- Department: Science (also Nature)
- First published: 2026-04-15
- Last updated: 2026-04-15
- Permalink: https://detailenjoyer.com/case/eukaryotic/
- Author: Marcus Easterling (DetailEnjoyer), The Detail Department

## Quick facts

- **DD-003-F01**: Eukaryotic cells contain specialized organelles, each with its own job. _(Write-up · Intro)_
- **DD-003-F02**: In a eukaryotic cell, the nucleus holds the cell's DNA and controls gene expression. _(Write-up · Exhibit A)_
- **DD-003-F03**: The endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER). _(Write-up · Exhibit B)_
- **DD-003-F04**: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and ships molecules to where they're needed in the cell. _(Write-up · Exhibit C)_
- **DD-003-F05**: Mitochondria produce a cell's energy through cellular respiration. _(Write-up · Exhibit D)_
- **DD-003-F06**: Lysosomes and peroxisomes break down a cell's waste and toxins. _(Write-up · Exhibit E)_
- **DD-003-F07**: Ribosomes are the organelles that assemble proteins. _(Write-up · Exhibit F)_

## Write-up

Your cells are packed with tiny organs. Eukaryotic cells contain specialized organelles, each with its own job.

1. **Nucleus**: Holds the cell's DNA and controls gene expression.
2. **Rough & smooth ER**: The endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).
3. **Golgi apparatus**: Modifies, sorts and ships molecules to where they're needed.
4. **Mitochondria**: Produce energy through cellular respiration.
5. **Lysosomes & peroxisomes**: Break down waste and toxins.
6. **Ribosomes**: Assemble proteins.

## Related case files

- [Macrophagia (DD-044)](https://detailenjoyer.com/case/macrophagia/): More on the cells that make up your body.
- [Guttation (DD-064)](https://detailenjoyer.com/case/guttation/): Fungi are eukaryotes: a tour of the organelles inside every eukaryotic cell.

## Video: Inside a Eukaryotic Cell: What Each Organelle Does

- Duration: 31 s · Published: 2026-04-15
- File: https://detailenjoyer.com/assets/videos/DXKSE4mkZBp.mp4

### Transcript

Did you know? Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of specialized organelles each performing distinct functions that keep the cell alive and functioning. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and controls gene expression. Endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, comes in rough and smooth forms, synthesizing proteins and lipids respectively. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and ships these molecules, while mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration. Lysosomes and peroxisomes break down waste and detoxify harmful substances, while ribosomes assemble proteins. Now you know!

## Questions & answers

**Q: Which organelle holds the cell's DNA and controls gene expression?**  
A: The nucleus holds the cell's DNA and controls gene expression. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Nucleus), from the Reel)_

**Q: Which organelles produce energy through cellular respiration?**  
A: Mitochondria produce the cell's energy through cellular respiration. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Mitochondria), from the Reel)_

**Q: What is the Golgi apparatus's job?**  
A: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and ships molecules to where they're needed. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Golgi apparatus), from the Reel)_

**Q: Which organelles break down waste and toxins?**  
A: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are the cell's cleanup crew for waste and toxins. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit E (Lysosomes & peroxisomes), from the Reel)_

**Q: What do ribosomes do?**  
A: Ribosomes assemble proteins. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit F (Ribosomes), from the Reel)_

## Sources

- Sources not logged yet.

## Cite this case file

Easterling, Marcus. "Eukaryotic." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-003, last updated Apr 15, 2026. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/eukaryotic/