# Shine Bright (DD-165)

> Diamond is carbon with its atoms arranged in a cubic crystal lattice. Most natural diamonds formed about 150 to 250 km deep in Earth's mantle, under high pressure and temperature, and many are more than a billion years old. They reach the surface in rare, deep-sourced volcanic eruptions whose remains are called kimberlite (and lamproite) pipes, where they are mined. Diamond is the hardest natural material, rating 10 on the Mohs scale. The footage shows rough and cut diamonds and mines, with the presenter.

- Department: Science
- First published: 2024-01-06
- Last updated: 2024-01-06
- Permalink: https://detailenjoyer.com/case/shine-bright/
- Original Reel title: Shine Bright 💎
- Author: Marcus Easterling (DetailEnjoyer), The Detail Department

## Quick facts

- **DD-165-F01**: Diamond is carbon in a cubic lattice. _(Write-up · Exhibit A (Carbon))_
- **DD-165-F02**: Most formed 150 to 250 km deep. _(Write-up · Exhibit B (Mantle))_

## Write-up

Diamonds ride to the surface in volcanic pipes. They form deep in the mantle under huge pressure.

1. **Carbon**: Diamond is carbon in a cubic lattice.
2. **Mantle**: Most formed 150 to 250 km deep.
3. **Ancient**: Many are over a billion years old.
4. **Kimberlite**: They rise in kimberlite pipes.
5. **Mohs 10**: Diamond rates 10 on the Mohs scale.

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- [Fire Works (DD-155)](https://detailenjoyer.com/case/fire-works/): I linked more chemistry you can see

## Reel vs. record

- **Note**: None needed.

## Video: Shine Bright: Diamonds Ride to the Surface in Volcanic Pipes

- Duration: 23.7 s · Published: 2024-01-06
- File: https://detailenjoyer.com/assets/videos/C1xBCZFrXJa.mp4

### Transcript

Diamonds are remarkable gemstones, found deep within the Earth's mantle, composed of carbon atoms, arranged in a crystal lattice structure, under high pressure and temperature. DID YOU KNOW? Diamonds are brought to the surface through volcanic pipes, known as kimberlite pipes. These volcanic eruptions deliver diamonds closer to the Earth's surface, where they can be mined. The allure of diamonds extends beyond their physical properties, often symbolizing enduring love and luxury. NOW YOU KNOW!

## Questions & answers

**Q: What is diamond made of?**  
A: A cubic lattice. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Carbon) · Wikipedia: Diamond)_

**Q: How deep do most diamonds form?**  
A: In the mantle. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Mantle) · Wikipedia: Diamond)_

**Q: How old are many diamonds?**  
A: Very old. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Ancient) · Wikipedia: Diamond)_

**Q: What carries diamonds up?**  
A: Deep eruptions. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Kimberlite) · Wikipedia: Diamond; Wikipedia: Kimberlite)_

**Q: How hard is diamond?**  
A: The hardest natural material. _(Source: Write-up · Exhibit E (Mohs 10) · Wikipedia: Diamond)_

## Sources

- [Wikipedia: Diamond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond)
- [Wikipedia: Kimberlite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberlite)

## Cite this case file

Easterling, Marcus. "Shine Bright." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-165, last updated Jan 6, 2024. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/shine-bright/