Myth vs. Fact
Reel vs. Record
Every Reel gets a fact-check when it becomes a case file. Here are all 1724 of those notes from 749 case files in one place: what the Reel said, what the record says, and the sources.
This is me checking my own Reels, not an independent fact-checker. Each note cites the sources listed on its case file, so you can check the check. Types are sorted from each note's own wording.
Myth or Fact?
64 statements taken straight from these notes: Reel claims the record contradicts, and ones it confirms. Ten per round, and a finished round counts toward your streak.
All notes
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
An eye condition; calcium/lipid 'asteroid bodies' in the vitreous gel; white-yellowish and sparkling; usually harmless, rarely affecting vision.
Sources: EyeWiki; Beijing Eye Study; IOVS 2001 · full source list
The Reel
“float in the vitreous”
The record
The bodies are suspended in, and attached to, the vitreous gel, so they swing with eye movement and return to place. They aren't free-floating like typical floaters, which is why most people don't notice them.
Sources: Beijing Eye Study; EyeWiki · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The composition is specifically calcium phosphate (apatite-like) complexed with phospholipids, not just 'calcium/lipid'.
Sources: IOVS 2001; Acta Ophthalmologica 2020 · full source list
This site said
Not a Reel claim: this note is about my own site.
The record
Its one-line summary is accurate but has no sources. This case file adds 5 sources, and the quiz grows from 3 to 5 questions.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Droplets are measured in picoliters and placed within microns, and printheads use thermal or piezoelectric actuators.
Sources: Epson; Canon; SID Digest; Semiconductor Digest · full source list
This site said
“~20 m/s”
The record
Is high for typical printheads. Sourced values are about 14 m/s (HP thermal), 7 m/s (Xaar 1003) and 8–12 m/s (Canon sub-pL). The case page now says 'roughly 5–15 m/s'.
Sources: Semiconductor Digest; Xaar; Canon FINE paper · full source list
This site said
“land at up to 4800 dpi”
The record
4800 × 1200 dpi is an advertised addressable resolution in the best mode, not a single dot size or a placement accuracy.
Sources: Philstar/HP; Canon · full source list
This site said
“1–3 picoliters”
The record
Fits the smallest drops of modern home and industrial heads (1.3–1.5 pL consumer, 1–3 pL Xaar sub-drops). Many heads also fire larger 4–12 pL drops for speed.
Sources: HP; Epson; Xaar · full source list
The Reel
“within microns”
The record
Is achieved by industrial and display heads (±1.35 µm). Desktop printers on paper are looser, because ink spreads and the head moves.
Sources: SID Digest; Canon · full source list
The Reel
“retrieval takes only seconds”
The record
Means about 13–15 seconds on average (the fastest is 8–10 s). That's fair, but it isn't instant.
Sources: Giken brochure; Giken how-to; JSME; FUN! JAPAN · full source list
The Reel
“widely used in cities like Tokyo”
The record
There were dozens of units rather than hundreds (36 units at 13 sites by about 2016), mostly next to busy stations.
Sources: JSME; FUN! JAPAN · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Giken styles it 'ECO Cycle' (エコサイクル), not 'Ecocycle'. Confirmed: it's automated, underground, vertical, space-saving and made by Giken Ltd.
Sources: Giken · full source list
This site said
Not a Reel claim: this note is about my own site.
The record
This Reel is part II. I haven't found a part I ('Vertical Parking') in my files, so I list it as a series stub to link once part I turns up.
The Reel
“founded in the late 19th century”
The record
The company's roots go back to the Saucona Iron Company of 1857 (mid-19th century). The Bethlehem Steel name dates from 1899 and the corporation from 1904.
Sources: bethsteel.com; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“much of the US Navy during both World Wars”
The record
In WWII its yards built nearly one-fifth of the Navy's two-ocean fleet (1,121 ships in total, counting merchant ships). In WWI it was a major builder and armorer, but there's no source for 'much of the Navy'.
Sources: Wikipedia; FSU thesis; bethsteel.com · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Golden Gate Bridge. Bethlehem made the structural steel and its subsidiary McClintic-Marshall erected it, but the main cables came from Roebling.
Sources: lehighvalleylive; Golden Gate Bridge District · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
One of the largest and most influential US steelmakers, headquartered in Bethlehem, PA, with steel for bridges, skyscrapers, railroads and warships.
Sources: Wikipedia; bethsteel.com · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
EKV means Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle. It destroys warheads in space by high-speed collision without explosives, is carried by a ground-based interceptor rocket, and uses onboard sensors, computers and thrusters.
Sources: Raytheon; L3Harris · full source list
The Reel
“identify and track its target among decoys and debris”
The record
Decoy discrimination is the system's most debated weakness. Raytheon reports success in tests; critics argue the sensor can't reliably tell decoys from warheads.
Sources: Raytheon 2014; Postol · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel uses 'EKVs' as a general term, but the EKV is specifically Raytheon's kill vehicle for the US GMD system. Other hit-to-kill interceptors, such as the SM-3 kinetic warhead, use different names.
Sources: Raytheon · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The clips look like EKV hover tests in a test facility, not intercepts in space. L3Harris shows a similar EKV hover-test image.
Sources: L3Harris · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The cryogenic stack protects qubits from heat, vibration and electromagnetic interference; the processor is mounted at the bottom; and the fridge cools with a He-3/He-4 mixture.
Sources: Bluefors; Oxford; PRX Quantum; Popular Science; MIT Tech Review · full source list
The Reel
“10–20 mK”
The record
Is fair. Base temperatures are typically ≤10 mK, with qubits operated around 10–15 mK. 'Colder than outer space' is correct (deep space is about 2.7 K).
Sources: PRX Quantum; Popular Science; IBM · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This applies to superconducting qubits, as the Reel says. Other kinds of quantum computers, such as trapped-ion and photonic, don't need a dilution refrigerator for the qubits themselves.
The Reel
“formed almost instantly”
The record
MIT says prints take seconds to minutes, and the material still has to cure before the part comes out of the gel.
Sources: MIT DSpace paper; MIT Self-Assembly Lab · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
RLP means Rapid Liquid Printing. It is additive manufacturing that extrudes liquid into an engineered (granular) gel suspension, makes large, soft objects, and does not build layer by layer.
Sources: MIT Self-Assembly Lab; MIT DSpace paper; Rapid Liquid Print Co. · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
RLP isn't limited to soft objects. It also handles rigid plastics, but soft rubbers and foams are its best-known demos.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The glowing triangular and square tiles in the footage look like Pavegen tiles. Pavegen uses electromagnetic induction, not piezoelectric materials. The narration's piezo description fits Japan's JR East and Soundpower floors, not the tiles shown.
Sources: Pavegen; JR East · full source list
The Reel
“installed in train stations”
The record
Should read 'trialled'. JR East ran time-limited demonstration experiments (2006, 2008, 2008–09) and has not rolled out a permanent system.
Sources: JR East; NIES/J-GLOBAL; Takefuji · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Piezo charge under compression, small amounts of power, and use for LED/electronic displays and low-power devices.
Sources: JR East; Japan for Sustainability; Telegraph; WIRED · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The component list leaves out TEP1 (telomerase-associated protein 1), the second minor vault protein alongside VPARP. Mammalian vaults contain MVP, VPARP, TEP1 and vault RNA.
Sources: Kato et al. 2008; SPring-8; van Zon et al. 2003 · full source list
The Reel
“flexible "cap" proteins”
The record
The caps aren't separate proteins. They're the cap-helix and cap-ring domains at the end of each MVP molecule. The cap region is dynamic, and the 39-fold symmetry breaks there.
Sources: SPring-8; RCSB 4HL8 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
12.9 MDa is the classic STEM measurement. Some structural papers round to 'about 10 MDa' for the protein shell.
Sources: Kato et al. 2008; RCSB 4HL8 · full source list
The Reel
“$119 billion”
The record
Is a potential total across four phases in tax-incentive filings, not committed spending. SpaceX says it will decide on phases 2–4 only after each earlier phase is finished.
Sources: ENR source guide; KBTX; ENR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The governor's announcement names SpaceX. Reuters reports SpaceX and Tesla, and the filings come from SpaceX-linked TeraFab AI, LLC, with ENR naming SpaceX, Tesla and xAI. 'SpaceX and Tesla's' is fair shorthand.
Sources: Texas Governor; Reuters; KBTX; ENR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Grimes County, vertical integration (logic, memory, packaging, testing), the $16.8B first phase and 100 million sq ft. 'More than $16.8 billion' is the official wording.
Sources: Texas Governor; Reuters · full source list
The Reel
“shuffle and stack an entire set of tiles in seconds”
The record
The next hand is ready in seconds because the table works on a second set while the current hand is played. The shuffle-and-stack cycle itself runs in the background during play.
Sources: US 4,219,200; Japanese Mahjong Wiki; The Men's Cave · full source list
The Reel
“a process that could take several minutes and added physical wear to the tiles”
The record
No reliable source found for a typical time or for tile wear from hand shuffling. The sources only say manual shuffling and wall-building were done by hand every round. Treat this as the Reel's claim.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The hidden rotating mechanism under the playing surface, and manual mixing and four-wall building in traditional play.
Sources: US 4,219,200; Japanese Mahjong Wiki · full source list
The Reel
“Early integrated circuits contained only a few thousand transistors”
The record
The very first ICs had far fewer: Kilby's 1958 circuit had one transistor, and Fairchild's 1960 planar IC had four. 'A few thousand' fits early-1970s chips like the Intel 4004 (2,300).
Sources: CHM Silicon Engine; Smithsonian; CHM Revolution · full source list
The Reel
“a piece of silicon only a few hundred square millimeters across”
The record
Square millimeters measure area, not width. Big modern dies are a few hundred mm² in area (GH100: 814 mm², about 28.5 mm on a side).
Sources: NVIDIA; Embedded.com · full source list
The Reel
“nanometer-scale process generations”
The record
Is fair, but today's node names (7 nm, 5 nm, 3 nm) are labels, not physical transistor dimensions.
Sources: IEEE Spectrum, x2 · full source list
The Reel
“surrounded by the snow-covered peaks of the Nyenchen Tanglha mountain range”
The record
The range runs along the lake's south and south-east side, with rolling plateau hills to the north, so it doesn't surround the lake.
Sources: Tibet Discovery; China Highlights · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
4,718 m = 15,479 ft, and 'heavenly lake' is the standard translation.
Sources: CAS IGSNRR; TibetCulture; Lhasa gov't · full source list
The Reel
“one of the highest major lakes in the world”
The record
Is fair. Sources usually call it the highest saltwater lake.
Sources: CAS IGSNRR; Xinhua/China Gateway · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 75% figure, the 'faster than light in the medium, not in a vacuum' point, polarization, the cone-shaped wavefront and the sonic-boom analogy are all supported.
Sources: DOE; IAEA; Wikipedia; HKO · full source list
The Reel
“electrons produced by nuclear reactions”
The record
In reactor pools these are mostly beta particles from the decay of fission products.
Sources: Wikipedia; IAEA · full source list
The Reel
“eerie blue glow”
The record
The emission is strongest at short wavelengths, which is why it looks blue or violet.
Sources: DOE; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“strikes a firing mechanism and ignites its propellant”
The record
In drop-fire, the round's tail hits a fixed firing pin at the base of the tube. That fires the primer in the round's ignition (propelling) cartridge, which then lights the propellant increments. The pin is part of the tube, not a separate mechanism in the round.
Sources: Open Source Munitions Portal; CEW Annex C · full source list
The Reel
“steep ballistic trajectory”
The record
Means high-angle fire, above 45° for conventional mortars.
Sources: CEW Annex C · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Tube/bipod/baseplate, muzzle loading, fin-stabilized rounds and indirect fire at targets out of line of sight all check out.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel describes Ocean-3 as if it's already running. In reporting through Aug 2026, the Ocean-3 pilots were still planned for the northern Pacific in 2026, with commercial deployments targeted for 2027. I couldn't confirm that a node has processed AI workloads offshore yet.
Sources: Panthalassa press release; Ars Technica; Fast Company · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'85-meter-tall' matches most outlets. Ars Technica (citing the FT) says 'about 85 meters in length'. It's the same figure for the vertical node.
Sources: Ars Technica; New Scientist; Latitude Media · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sources describe 'an internal turbine' (DCD, Latitude) or 'turbines' (New Scientist). The Reel's 'across turbines' is fine.
The Reel
“More than 2,000 robots from 666 teams”
The record
Matches the official figures (2,056 robots, 666 teams, 16 countries).
Sources: Xinhua; CGTN; Beijing gov't · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The official name is the '2nd World Humanoid Robot Games'. The 2026 edition was the second, after August 2025.
Sources: Xinhua · full source list
The Reel
“shift toward autonomy”
The record
The Reel's 'shift toward autonomy' is borne out by the rules. Full autonomy was required in all competitive events except the two obstacle races, and teleoperated scenario runs counted at half weight.
Sources: Beijing gov't; People's Daily · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the Marangoni effect (caption at 0.9–2.4 s: 'The Marangoni effect is a physical phenomenon'). The direction, low to high surface tension, is correct.
Sources: Wikipedia; coatings chapter; COMSOL paper · full source list
The Reel
“because liquids naturally try to minimize surface energy”
The record
The driving force is the surface-tension gradient itself, because higher-tension regions pull harder on the interface. Minimizing surface energy is the general principle behind surface tension, not the specific cause of the flow.
Sources: Wikipedia; Scientific Reports 2015 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Welding and coating are well documented. 'Bubble formation' and 'biological systems' are vaguer: Marangoni stresses stabilize soap films and foams, and they are studied in surfactant spreading. The Reel gives no specific example.
Sources: Wikipedia; Langmuir 2018 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about carrier catapults and EMALS (captions at 10.5–12.9 s: 'electromagnetic aircraft launch systems, or EMALS').
Sources: NAVAIR; NAVSEA · full source list
The Reel
“Modern U.S. carriers use either steam catapults or EMALS”
The record
This is true, but EMALS is only on the Ford class (CVN 78 and later). Every Nimitz-class carrier uses Mk 13/C-13 steam catapults.
Sources: NAVAIR; USNI News; DTIC · full source list
The Reel
“EMALS, which attach to a launch bar on the jet's nose gear”
The record
The launch bar engages the catapult's shuttle, and this is the same for steam and EMALS; it isn't unique to EMALS.
Sources: NAVAIR shared-generator article; Naval Technology · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The launch shots (around 15–17 s) show steam venting from the catapult track. That suggests at least some clips are of a steam-catapult carrier, not EMALS.
Sources: the Reel's own frames; DTIC on steam catapults · full source list
The Reel
“in just a few moments”
The record
Means about two seconds. Sources describe a launch pulse of a couple of seconds.
Sources: Naval Technology; NAVAIR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the Cannikin test (caption at 0.9 s: 'The Cannikin Test'). Date, place, U.S. underground record and Spartan purpose are all correct.
Sources: AEC D+30 report; LLNL; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“nearly five megatons”
The record
Matches the official 'less than five megatons'. Estimates range from 4.4 to 5.2 Mt.
Sources: AEC D+30 report; BSSA 1972; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“triggering earthquakes”
The record
The AEC reported that 'no large earthquake was triggered'. The blast itself registered like a magnitude 6.8–7.0 event, and what followed were hundreds of small events (mostly below magnitude 4) tied to cavity collapse and minor local fault slip.
Sources: AEC D+30 report; Engdahl, BSSA 1972; LLNL · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'landslides' were local rockfalls, cliff spalling and turf slides on the island, totaling about 35,000 sq ft. No tsunami resulted.
Sources: AEC D+30 report; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“detected by seismic instruments around the world”
The record
The AEC report cites 43 stations of the Worldwide Standard Seismometer Network.
Sources: AEC D+30 report · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The location is Qingshanhu (Qingshan Lake) Water Forest in Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang (captions 0.9–6.9 s).
Sources: Hangzhou government; Hangzhou News; Hangzhou Daily · full source list
The Reel
“metasequoia and pond cypress trees”
The record
Official Hangzhou sources describe the water forest as pond cypress and bald cypress (Taxodium). Metasequoia (dawn redwood) is a different genus. Travel guides mention it along the lakeside greenway, but it isn't the main tree standing in the water.
Sources: Hangzhou government; Hangzhou News; Qunar · full source list
The Reel
“clear lake surfaces”
The record
For much of the warm season the water under the trees is covered in green duckweed, as the Reel's own opening shot shows.
Sources: Hangzhou News; Qunar · full source list
The Reel
“trees grow directly in shallow lake waters”
The record
About two meters of each trunk is underwater.
Sources: Hangzhou government · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The planting date is given as the 1960s (Qunar, for flood control) or the 1970s (Hangzhou Daily). Both are recorded and neither is asserted as the answer. Area figures also differ: 50,000 m² for the core forest versus 'about 1 million m²' in Hangzhou Daily.
Sources: Hangzhou government; Hangzhou Daily; Qunar · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the Chronicle of Georgia (Sakartvelos Matiane) by Zurab Tsereteli, on Keeni Hill above the Tbilisi Sea.
Sources: Wikipedia; art.gov.ge · full source list
The Reel
“created in 1985”
The record
Construction began in 1985 and continued through 2003, and the monument was never fully finished.
Sources: art.gov.ge lists it as 1985–2003; Wikipedia; Dolidoki · full source list
The Reel
“carved with dramatic reliefs”
The record
The reliefs are bronze and copper alloy, not carved stone.
Sources: art.gov.ge; Wikipedia; Dolidoki · full source list
The Reel
“roughly 30–35 meters high”
The record
With 16 pillars. Georgia's state art portal gives 35 m for each.
Sources: Wikipedia; art.gov.ge · full source list
The Reel
“Georgia's Stonehenge”
The record
Is a popular nickname, not an official name, and the Tbilisi Sea is a reservoir, not a sea.
Sources: Tripadvisor; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This is a general explainer about data centers, not a profile of one facility. Its footage is stitched from three accounts (ikassem85, i.linkstop and ccna_200_301).
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
“house thousands of servers”
The record
Facilities range from small server rooms to hyperscale campuses, so 'thousands' undersells the largest and oversells the smallest.
Sources: LBNL 2024 · full source list
The Reel
“redundant power supplies, backup generators, battery systems … so services remain online”
The record
The level of redundancy varies by design tier. Tier I sites have no redundant capacity and must shut down for maintenance.
Sources: Uptime Institute; Uptime tier paper · full source list
The Reel
“renewable power integration”
The record
The IEA says renewables and natural gas are both major sources for the new demand, so it isn't a renewables-only story.
Sources: IEA Energy and AI · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
AI is driving growth. Global data-center electricity is projected to rise from ~415 TWh (2024) to ~945 TWh (2030).
Sources: IEA Energy and AI; IEA executive summary · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Flock Safety's ALPR cameras (caption at 0.8–4.2 s). The company's own footage is used (credit 'flock').
Sources: Flock product page; Business Insider · full source list
The Reel
“Flock safety cameras”
The record
The company is Flock Safety (capitalized), and its plate readers are sold as Flock LPR (originally the Falcon camera).
Sources: Flock; Bristol RI FAQ · full source list
The Reel
“to monitor vehicle traffic”
The record
The cameras take motion-triggered still snapshots of each passing vehicle rather than streaming continuous traffic video.
Sources: Bristol RI FAQ; DHS ALPR survey · full source list
The Reel
“mounted on poles or roadside infrastructure”
The record
The Falcon is solar-powered and LTE-connected, sold as 'infrastructure-free', and usually goes on its own pole.
Sources: Bristol RI FAQ · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Reads are stored with location and are searchable across agencies, often without a warrant. This has drawn privacy and congressional scrutiny, which the Reel doesn't mention.
Sources: CRS 2026; Texas Tribune · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel (Apr 1, 2026) calls it a 'proposed' city 'built to house up to 9 million'. Construction had already been suspended in September 2025 after about 2.4 km of foundation work, and in May 2026 the project was reported on hold until after 2030.
Sources: MEP Middle East; BrentDesk/Semafor; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 9-million figure is the 2021–22 goal. The first phase was cut to about 2.4 km, and NEOM's wider 2030 population target fell to under 300,000 (100,000 in the May 2026 report).
Sources: Wikipedia; MEP Middle East; BrentDesk · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The '20 minutes' end-to-end claim comes from early plans for a 510 km/h underground train that never got past the prototype stage. NEOM canceled a roughly $1 billion tunneling contract in March 2026.
Sources: Wikipedia; MEP Middle East · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'ultra-narrow' means 200 m wide between two 500-m-tall mirrored facades.
Sources: Reuters; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The interior city shots (about 12–20 s) are computer-generated concept renders, not filmed construction.
Sources: the Reel's own frames; Wikipedia on the renders · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Guizhou's mountain solar farms (captions 0.8–9.0 s).
Sources: Guizhou government; Xinhua · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'thin soil, erosion, and harsh terrain' are the result of karst rocky desertification, where erosion strips soil down to bare limestone. Official project reports cite it directly.
Sources: Guizhou government; China Daily 2020, 2023 · full source list
The Reel
“land that was previously considered poor for agriculture”
The record
Many of the solar sites now also grow crops under the panels (agrivoltaics), so the land isn't simply swapped from farming to power.
Sources: China Daily 2024; Xinhua 2026 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
These are large utility projects, not scattered panels. Guanling alone is planned at 1,330 MW, and Puding at about 600 MW.
Sources: Guizhou government; Guizhou Energy Administration; Guizhou DRC · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The exact site isn't identified in the Reel. The blue color grade is the uploader's edit, and the panels' real color is dark blue-black.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is a general explainer about oil rigs and offshore rig types (captions 0.8–20.9 s).
Sources: USCG; BSEE · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel skips jack-ups, the most common shallow-water rig, even though its footage (0–15 s) shows red-hulled jack-ups with lattice legs beside fixed platforms.
Sources: USCG MODU types; NPC paper · full source list
The Reel
“fixed platforms anchored to the seabed”
The record
Conventional fixed platforms are steel jackets secured with piles driven into the seabed. Anchors and mooring lines hold floating units.
Sources: USCG fixed platforms; BSEE · full source list
The Reel
“rigs … used to drill for and extract”
The record
Drilling rigs drill the wells, and production platforms handle extraction and processing. Some platforms carry their own rig, but they're separate jobs.
Sources: NPC paper; BOEM · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Semi-submersibles and drillships are held by anchors or dynamic positioning, and modern drillships rely on DP.
Sources: USCG; NPC paper · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (captions at 0.8–2.6 s).
Sources: Wikipedia; Smithsonian · full source list
The Reel
“typically running from early January through February”
The record
The festival officially opens January 5, but Ice and Snow World usually opens in late December and runs to late February.
Sources: Wikipedia; Smithsonian; Heilongjiang tourism · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ice comes from the Songhua River, in blocks two to three feet thick.
Sources: Wikipedia; Smithsonian · full source list
The Reel
“one of the largest … in the world”
The record
Is fair. It's grouped with Sapporo, Quebec and Holmenkollen, and Ice and Snow World holds a Guinness 'largest ice-and-snow theme park' record.
Sources: Wikipedia; Heilongjiang tourism · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel uses a lower-resolution source, so the cover is softer. The opening aerial shows Ice and Snow World with the Harbin skyline behind it.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the tilted village ('El Pueblo') at Xenses Park (captions at 0.9–4.9 s).
Sources: Xcaret; Alternativo · full source list
The Reel
“near Cancun”
The record
Is a stretch. Xenses is beside Playa del Carmen on the Riviera Maya, about 74 km (an hour) from Cancún.
Sources: Xcaret FAQ; Alternativo · full source list
The Reel
“buildings … at sharp angles, while the pathway itself is subtly sloped”
The record
Sources describe a pronounced slope, with houses built square to a false horizon so the ground looks flat. It's the slope that's large, not subtle.
Sources: Alternativo; Mexican Routes · full source list
The Reel
“the brain relies heavily on visual cues to determine orientation”
The record
Mystery-spot and rod-and-frame research shows vision is the dominant cue for upright, with the vestibular sense second.
Sources: UC Berkeley 1998; UBC thesis · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The attraction is officially 'El Pueblo'. 'Tilted Town' and 'Pueblito al Revés' are nicknames.
Sources: Xcaret; Alternativo · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the B-1 Lancer (captions at 0.8–3.9 s). Its 1980s entry into service (IOC October 1986) and variable-sweep wings are correct.
Sources: Air Force fact sheet; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“converted primarily for conventional missions”
The record
The B-1B is conventional-only. Its nuclear mission ended in 1994, and its nuclear hardware was removed by March 2011 under New START.
Sources: Air Force fact sheet; New START Protocol Part Nine; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'Rockwell' built it, but the program passed to Boeing when it bought Rockwell's defense business in 1996. Later fact sheets call it the Boeing B-1B.
Sources: Hill AFB fact sheet; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'supersonic.' The B-1B tops out around Mach 1.2–1.25 at altitude. The redesign cut it from the B-1A's Mach 2 class.
Sources: Air Force fact sheet; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Clips come from three accounts (mac1.media, brandonbotts_avifilms, airforcefilms), mixing airshow and Air Force footage.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
“millions of degrees Kelvin”
The record
Should be 'millions of kelvins' (or 'million K'). The kelvin isn't written with 'degrees'.
Sources: Penn State ASTRO 801; CSIRO · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Collapsing gas reaches several million kelvin as a protostar, but it becomes a star only when the core hits about 10 million K and hydrogen fusion begins. The Reel stops before that point.
Sources: NASA Science; Penn State ASTRO 801 · full source list
The Reel
“density fluctuations”
The record
And supernova shocks don't compress the core themselves. Triggers raise the density, and gravity does the collapse. Supernovae are one trigger among several.
Sources: CSIRO; NASA Imagine the Universe; OpenStax · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'dense' molecular clouds are dense only by space standards. A star is about 10^20 times denser, and the clouds are only about 10 to 20 K.
Sources: OpenStax; Chandra · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Nurseries are clouds of (mostly molecular) hydrogen, helium and dust spanning light-years, up to about 300 light-years across.
Sources: Chandra; NASA Science · full source list
This site said
Not a Reel claim: this note is about my own site.
The record
The Reel's caption title 'Solar Prominent' is a truncation. Every caption is about solar prominences (0.6 s onward), so my title is 'Solar Prominence'.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Prominences are described as 'arcs … that erupt from the sun's surface.' Most don't erupt. They form over about a day and can hang stably in the corona for months; only eruptive prominences break free.
Sources: NASA; NASA NTRS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The prominence doesn't release 'billions of tons' on its own. That figure describes a whole CME, and an eruptive prominence is usually a small part of the CME's volume.
Sources: NOAA SWPC; Gopalswamy 2014 · full source list
The Reel
“hundreds of kilometers per second”
The record
Is typical. CMEs range from under 250 km/s to nearly 3,000 km/s, and the fastest can reach Earth in 15 to 18 hours.
Sources: NOAA SWPC; Gopalswamy 2014 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Prominences are anchored in the photosphere and extend into the corona along magnetic fields. ('Corona' shouldn't be capitalized.)
Sources: NASA · full source list
The Reel
“each photon has no mass”
The record
But carries momentum, and reflective sails turn that into thrust.
Sources: Planetary Society; Astronomy · full source list
The Reel
“gradually accelerating the spacecraft”
The record
Sails can also slow a craft down and lower its orbit by angling the sail against its direction of travel, and ACS3 tests both.
Sources: Planetary Society; NASA NTRS · full source list
The Reel
“without the need for fuel”
The record
Is true for propulsion (no rocket propellant), but the push weakens with distance from the sun.
Sources: NASA ACS3; Astronomy · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The push comes from sunlight (radiation pressure), not the solar wind, which pushes with less than one percent as much force.
Sources: Planetary Society; NASA NTRS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The animation shows a four-boom diamond sail unfolding from a small satellite over Earth. That's the layout of NASA's ACS3, but the Reel credits only 'galaxies' and doesn't name the mission.
Sources: the Reel's own frames; NASA ACS3 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about the white-throated dipper (captions at 0.8–2.5 s). It's a songbird (passerine) that forages underwater in fast streams.
Sources: Wikipedia; GWCT; genome paper · full source list
The Reel
“known for its ability to walk underwater”
The record
Dippers walk down rocks and along the bed, but they also swim and dive with their wings and can even fly straight in.
Sources: Wikipedia; BirdGuides · full source list
The Reel
“dense plumage”
The record
The Reel says 'dense plumage.' A feather-count study found the dipper's follicle density is no higher than a blackbird's. The insulation comes from more extensive plumage (3,322 feathers vs about 1,704) and extra down.
Sources: Davenport et al. 2009 · full source list
The Reel
“extra oxygen-carrying capacity in its blood”
The record
Dipper blood holds more hemoglobin than other passerines'. The 'high metabolic rate' claim wasn't found in the sources checked; the documented diving response is a falling heart rate.
Sources: Ormerod & Tyler review; genome paper; GWCT · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel leaves out why dippers don't float. They have solid bones, unlike most birds.
Sources: Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about caracal ears (captions at 0.8 s). Their many small muscles do move each ear independently. Sources put it at about 20 per ear in three groups.
Sources: National Geographic; Chattanooga Zoo; HowStuffWorks · full source list
The Reel
“each ear can rotate nearly 180°”
The record
Is the standard figure for cats in general. No caracal-specific measurement was found.
Sources: Catwatch · full source list
The Reel
“faint, high-frequency sounds, such as rodents”
The record
Cats hear far into ultrasonic frequencies, but no caracal-specific audiogram was found.
Sources: Acoustics Today · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Rodents are only part of the diet. Caracals also take birds, hyraxes, mongooses and small monkeys.
Sources: National Geographic; HowStuffWorks · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The first clip (0–7 s, credited 'scienceb-tch') shows a kitten. The adult from 7.4 s is credited 'wildcatcentre'.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Wat Rong Khun in Chiang Rai province (captions at 0.8–4.0 s). The symbolism (white = purity, mirrors = wisdom, hands = desire and suffering) matches the artist's and other sources.
Sources: Wikipedia; Thai Holiday Guide; Artsy · full source list
The Reel
“construction began in 1997”
The record
Leaves out that it's a private rebuild of an older, run-down temple by artist Chalermchai Kositpipat, paid for with his own money. Wikipedia calls it a privately owned art exhibit in the style of a temple.
Sources: Wikipedia; Thai Holiday Guide · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's still unfinished. The plan calls for nine buildings, with completion expected around 2070.
Sources: Wikipedia; Artsy · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The temple is about 15 km south of Chiang Rai city, not in the city itself.
Sources: Artsy; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“The Wat Rong Khun”
The record
Doubles up, since 'wat' already means temple.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
“poultry and livestock”
The record
Water-based foam is approved and studied for floor-reared poultry (broilers, layers, turkeys, ducks), not livestock in general. The birds in the footage appear to be turkeys.
Sources: Avian Diseases 2012; USAHA 2006; the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
“high expansion firefighting foam”
The record
U.S. guidance separates water-based medium/low-density foam (Tier 2) from high-expansion nitrogen-filled foam (Tier 1, preferred).
Sources: USDA APHIS; AVMA 2026 · full source list
The Reel
“considered … less labor intensive than … gassing”
The record
It does use fewer workers, but the AVMA ranks whole-house gassing above water-based foam. Foam is permitted only in constrained circumstances and has never been classed as euthanasia.
Sources: USDA APHIS; USAHA 2006; Benson 2007 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Foam kills by blocking the airway. Trials found times to death comparable to or faster than a CO2 tent for chickens, but CO2 was faster for ducks. 'Cost effective' wasn't checked against any source.
Sources: Benson 2007; Avian Diseases 2012 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about macrophage phagocytosis (captions at 0.8–8.8 s). Receptors trigger engulfment into a phagosome, which fuses with lysosomes, where enzymes and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species kill the bacteria.
Sources: StatPearls; Frontiers 2020 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Macrophages don't detect bacteria only through receptors for 'specific bacterial molecules'. Many targets are first coated with the host's own antibodies or complement, and Fc and complement receptors bind those coatings.
Sources: Frontiers 2017; StatPearls · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Phagosomes don't go straight to lysosomes. They mature through repeated fusion with endosomes and grow more acidic before forming a phagolysosome.
Sources: Frontiers 2020; Frontiers 2017 · full source list
The Reel
“reactive oxygen and nitrogen species”
The record
Is accurate. NADPH oxidase makes superoxide, and iNOS makes nitric oxide, which can form peroxynitrite.
Sources: Frontiers 2020; Antioxidants · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Some bacteria escape the process. Pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis interfere with phagosome maturation and survive inside macrophages.
Sources: Frontiers 2017 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (captions at 0.8–2.5 s). It was published in 1949, specifically June 8, 1949, by Secker & Warburg.
Sources: ISFDB; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“lead by”
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Winston isn't just 'a low-ranking party member'. He's in the Outer Party and works at the Ministry of Truth falsifying records, so he rewrites history himself.
Sources: Orwell Foundation; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“set in a totalitarian future”
The record
Was the future in 1949. The setting is London (Airstrip One) in Oceania, and even the year 1984 is uncertain in the novel.
Sources: Wikipedia; Orwell Foundation · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The clips are from Michael Radford's 1984 film adaptation, with John Hurt as Winston (the INGSOC rally and Ministry cubicle scenes), not from an illustration of the book. Credits read 'cinmovie' then 'TTS'.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Hong Kong's 'coffin homes' (captions at 0.8–2.4 s). Bed-sized cubicles in partitioned flats exist and offer little room or privacy.
Sources: Reuters; SCMP · full source list
The Reel
“often no more than a few square meters”
The record
Describes coffin cubicles and bedspaces, not partitioned housing in general. The median subdivided flat is 11 m², so most people in subdivided housing don't live in bed-sized boxes.
Sources: 2021 Census; Housing Bureau 2021 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
These spaces are 'for residents who cannot afford' housing, but per square foot coffin homes cost about four times as much as private flats (about HK$140 vs HK$35).
Sources: Reuters/SoCO · full source list
The Reel
“health risks”
The record
Hong Kong regulates bedspace apartments for fire safety, structural safety and hygiene, and residents report a toll on their mental health.
Sources: HKSAR consultation paper; SCMP · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Since March 1, 2026 the Basic Housing Units Ordinance sets minimum standards for subdivided flats, but it doesn't cover bedspace or coffin-type housing.
Sources: BHU website; HKFP · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Mandelbulbs (captions at 0.8–4.8 s). They're 3D fractals inspired by the Mandelbrot set, generated by iterating a formula, and popular in computer graphics.
Sources: Wikipedia; Skytopia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
They aren't true 'three-dimensional extensions' of the Mandelbrot set. Because no 3D analogue of the complex numbers exists, the Mandelbulb borrows the idea with spherical coordinates and a higher power (usually 8).
Sources: Wikipedia; Skytopia · full source list
The Reel
“unlike traditional fractals, which exist on a flat plane”
The record
Plenty of earlier fractals were 3D, including the quaternion Julia sets White mentions. The Mandelbrot set is the one that's flat.
Sources: Skytopia; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“created to explore complex patterns in higher dimensions”
The record
It came out of a hobbyist hunt for a 3D Mandelbrot, from Rudy Rucker's 1987 idea through White's 2007 formula to Nylander's 2009 power-8 version.
Sources: Skytopia · full source list
The Reel
“small changes produce dramatic variations”
The record
Is true (the power n changes the number of lobes), but even its finder hedged on whether it's the 'real' 3D Mandelbrot, since some regions are smeared rather than detailed.
Sources: Wikipedia; Skytopia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about North American Aviation's XB-70 Valkyrie (captions at 0.8–11.2 s), a Mach 3, high-altitude nuclear bomber prototype meant to outrun Soviet defenses rather than hide from them.
Sources: NASA; NASA TM 1966 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It never became a bomber. Kennedy canceled the B-70 bomber in 1961, before the first flight, and the two XB-70As flew from 1964 to 1969 as research aircraft.
Sources: Wikipedia; NASA · full source list
The Reel
“altitudes above 70,000 feet”
The record
The design cruise altitude was about 70,000 ft, and the highest it ever flew was 74,000 ft.
Sources: NASA TM 1966; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“in the 1960s”
The record
The design was chosen in 1957 and named in 1958. The 1960s were when the prototypes flew.
Sources: Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
One of the two was destroyed. On June 8, 1966, AV-2 was lost after an F-104 chase plane collided with it, killing pilots Joe Walker and Carl Cross. The surviving aircraft is at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.
Sources: NASA fact sheet; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about seafloor brine pools (captions at 0.8–2.4 s). They're dense, have sharp shorelines and are deadly to animals that fall in.
Sources: Oceanography 2016; CSM · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel blames salinity alone, but the brine also has little or no oxygen and carries methane and hydrogen sulfide.
Sources: VOA; Discovery · full source list
The Reel
“salt-rich fluids seep out of the Earth's crust”
The record
More precisely, seawater dissolves ancient buried salt layers (in the Gulf of Mexico, left by an evaporated shallow sea), and the brine rises along cracks with oil and gas.
Sources: Discovery; Oceanography 2016; CSM · full source list
The Reel
“several times higher”
The record
Salinity. The Jacuzzi of Despair measured 80 to 110 psu, about four to five times seawater's 35.
Sources: Oceanography 2016; CSM · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel doesn't name a site. Its opening pool with a shoreline and the crab beside the brine look like Gulf of Mexico survey imagery, but that's unconfirmed.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Chinese airborne wind turbines (captions at 0.8–2.4 s). The footage shows SAWES's helium aerostats (S1500/S2000), which carry ducted turbines and send power down a tether.
Sources: Global Times; IET 2026 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel never names the project. It's SAWES Energy Technology (Beijing Linyi Yunchuan); the S2000 flew at 2,000 m on January 5, 2026, about two weeks before this Reel was posted.
Sources: Global Times; Interesting Engineering · full source list
The Reel
“tethered drones, kites, or balloon-supported platforms”
The record
The Reel lists 'tethered drones, kites, or balloon-supported platforms', but the Chinese projects in the footage are buoyant helium aerostats, not kites or drones.
Sources: IET 2026; Global Times · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Megawatt figures are ratings or simulations. The S2000 is rated at up to 3 MW, the S1500's 1.135 MW came from a computer simulation, and the measured result was 385 kWh on the S2000's maiden flight.
Sources: IET 2026; Global Times · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Winds aloft are 'stronger and more consistent'. Power rises with the cube of wind speed, and steadier winds improve the capacity factor.
Sources: IET 2026; Global Times · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel shows electrostatic powder coating (captions at 0.8–2.4 s). A spray gun charges fine resin-and-pigment powder that's drawn to a grounded part.
Sources: Powder Coating Institute; EPA · full source list
The Reel
“sticking evenly”
The record
The Reel stops at 'sticking evenly'. Until it's oven-cured at about 325–450 °F, the powder is held only by electrostatic charge. Heat melts and cross-links it into the durable finish.
Sources: Powder Coating Institute; P2 InfoHouse · full source list
The Reel
“metal and other conductive surfaces”
The record
Powder can also coat plastics and MDF, and flame spray works on wood and rubber.
Sources: Powder Coating Institute; P2 InfoHouse · full source list
The Reel
“resin and pigment”
The record
Leaves out the curatives, leveling agents and flow modifiers that make the film form.
Sources: Powder Coating Institute · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Powder contains no solvents, so it virtually eliminates VOCs, and overspray can be reclaimed.
Sources: P2 InfoHouse; Powder Coating Institute · full source list
The Reel
“several million degrees”
The record
Understates it. Glasstone and Dolan, and FM 8-9, give several tens of millions of degrees for the weapon residues at detonation.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel covers heat and blast but leaves out nuclear radiation. Roughly 15% of the energy goes into it, about 5% as initial radiation and 10% as residual radiation, mostly fallout.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The blast wave comes from the fireball's initial rapid expansion compressing the air. The fireball then slows, reaching a maximum of about 2,200 m for 1 megaton within about 10 seconds, while the blast wave moves on ahead.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The fireball forms because X-rays from the weapon residues are absorbed within a few feet of air in under a millionth of a second, not simply because heat 'ionizes' the air.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Burn ranges depend heavily on yield, burst height and conditions. The energy split itself varies with yield and altitude.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Virgin signed the Sex Pistols in 1977, but the Rolling Stones didn't join Virgin until November 1991, in a deal reported at about $45 million. The Reel ties both to his 1970s rise.
Sources: Virgin blog; Los Angeles Times · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He sold Virgin Music, Virgin Records included, to Thorn EMI in March 1992 for about $1 billion, so music hasn't been a Virgin Group business for decades.
Sources: Los Angeles Times; Reuters · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'space travel' business is Virgin Galactic, founded in 2004. Branson flew to the edge of space on its Unity 22 flight on July 11, 2021.
Sources: Virgin timeline; Reuters · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Born in 1950; Virgin Records launched in 1972 after a 1970 mail-order record business; Virgin Atlantic's first flight was June 22, 1984.
Sources: Forbes; Virgin timeline; Virgin Atlantic · full source list
The Reel
“as of today”
The record
The Reel's 'as of today' was May 2025. Forbes' real-time estimate on Oct. 17, 2026, was $2.8 billion, so 'several billion dollars' still holds.
Sources: Forbes · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
An axisymmetric model treats quantities as independent of azimuth, so they vary only with radius and polar angle, which reduces a 3D problem to 2D.
Sources: Sądowski et al.; tilted-disk review · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The shortcut has a known flaw. By Cowling's anti-dynamo theorem, axisymmetric MHD can't regenerate magnetic fields, so 2D accretion runs die out unless an artificial dynamo is added. Self-consistent turbulence needs 3D.
Sources: Sądowski et al.; arXiv 2024; Brandenburg · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
That's an assumption. Infalling gas is generally misaligned with the spin, so tilted disks are expected, and they can't be modeled axisymmetrically.
Sources: Liska et al.; tilted-disk review · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The predicted Bardeen–Petterson alignment of a thin disk's inner part with the spin wasn't found in GRMHD simulations of moderately thick disks, so alignment can't be taken for granted.
Sources: Liska et al. · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The assumption is chosen mainly for cost. Axisymmetric 2D simulations are far cheaper than 3D, which lets researchers survey many more disk models.
Sources: Sądowski et al. · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel credits 'blue or green' salts to mineral-rich brines. Studies show Dallol's colors come mainly from iron, as dissolved ferrous iron oxidizes and precipitates over salt. The Reel's own footage is mostly yellow, green and orange.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
There is no lava lake at the colorful Dallol site shown. The Depression's lava lake is at Erta Ale, farther south.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Dallol's springs reach pH about 0.1 to -1.7 and up to 108 °C. They are also oxygen-free and carry up to 150 g/L of iron.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Depression lies mostly about 100 m below sea level, reaching around 124 m. It is one of the lowest land areas in Africa and in the world, not the single lowest.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'salt flats' sit on more than 2 km of evaporites left by repeated Red Sea incursions, the most recent about 32,000 years ago.
The Reel
“10 cm”
The record
Understates it. Sources report adult bells of 8 to 25 cm (Scripps), and the Oregon Coast Aquarium says up to 16 inches.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The two proteins have different roles. Aequorin emits blue light when it binds calcium, and GFP absorbs that energy and re-emits it as green. GFP is fluorescent, not bioluminescent itself.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
More precisely, it lives from the Bering Sea to Baja California and the Gulf of California, mostly in nearshore waters and bays.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Shimomura isolated aequorin and GFP from this species in 1962, and GFP's development won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Shimomura, Chalfie, Tsien).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UT Austin chemists (Rylski, Page and colleagues) made a polymer that comes out hard where blue LED light and a catalyst act, and soft elsewhere. It was published in Science on Oct. 13, 2022.
Sources: Science; UT News · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It doesn't 'transition' from soft to hard on demand. Light decides the pattern while the liquid monomer polymerizes; a finished part isn't switched back and forth.
Sources: Science; Nature Materials · full source list
The Reel
“10x tougher than natural rubber”
The record
Comes from UT's description of the material. In the paper, the fracture-toughness tests highlight the soft, stretchy form, not the rigid crystalline regions.
Sources: UT News; Science · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
There are two catalysts. A light-activated one makes the stiff trans polymer; a second, slower one makes the soft cis polymer in the dark.
Sources: Science; Nature Materials · full source list
The Reel
“similar to common plastics”
The record
Is roughly right. The polymer is a polyolefin, and UT compares it to the polymer in the most common plastic. It's a lab result, not yet a product.
Sources: UT News; Nature Materials · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Neutron stars form when massive stars collapse, and conservation of angular momentum spins them up, as Baade and Zwicky first proposed in 1933.
Sources: NASA; Kaspi & Kramer · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most pulsars don't spin hundreds of times a second. Typical periods are a few tenths of a second to seconds, and the slowest takes almost 6.7 hours.
Sources: NASA; Kaspi & Kramer · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The pulsars that do spin hundreds of times a second weren't born that fast. They were 'recycled' by a companion star feeding them matter and angular momentum.
Sources: Hessels et al. 2006; NASA SVS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The record is 716 spins a second (PSR J1748-2446ad, Terzan 5, reported in 2006).
Sources: Hessels et al. 2006; NRAO · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The opening explosion is credited to NASA video; the glowing star with twin beams is an artist's animation, not a telescope image.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Speed alone isn't new. Ballistic missile warheads also fly faster than Mach 5. What sets hypersonic weapons apart is their ability to maneuver, often on a lower, flatter path.
Sources: CRS IF11459; CRS IF11623 · full source list
- Missing contextNuance on 'evading traditional missile defenses'
DD-059 Hypersonic Missiles
Military · TechThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Ground radars may see them late, but CBO concluded they probably wouldn't be more survivable than ballistic missiles with maneuverable warheads, except against highly effective long-range defenses.
Sources: CRS IF11623; CBO · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
That's contested. Supporters cite fast strikes on defended or time-sensitive targets, while critics say the weapons lack defined mission requirements. The DOD's FY2026 request fell to $3.9 billion from $6.9 billion.
Sources: CRS R45811; CRS IF11459 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Mach 5 is about a mile per second (roughly 5,800 km/h). The Reel's 6,100 km/h is a near-sea-level figure, because the speed of sound depends on air temperature.
Sources: CRS IF11623 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Heat is the main challenge. GAO says exteriors can exceed 2,000 °F, and CBO cites sustained temperatures up to 3,000 °F.
Sources: GAO; CBO · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The night clips of strikes over a city show hypersonic missile strikes, as confirmed by the creator. The Reel doesn't say which weapon, which country or which event they show, and the case doesn't identify them.
Sources: the Reel's own frames; creator confirmation · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Miguel Alcubierre proposed it in 1994 as a solution to Einstein's field equations. Space contracts ahead of the ship and expands behind it, and the ship rides in a bubble of nearly flat spacetime.
Sources: Alcubierre 1994 · full source list
The Reel
“enabling faster-than-light travel”
The record
Means only that the math permits it. It's a theoretical geometry, not a working or even buildable design, and no experiment has produced a warp bubble.
Sources: Alcubierre 1994; Lobo & Visser 2004 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The bubble's speed is 'superluminal' only as seen from outside. Inside, the ship never moves faster than light locally and feels no acceleration, much as distant galaxies recede faster than light in an expanding universe.
Sources: Alcubierre 1994 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Negative energy density isn't wholly unobserved. Quantum physics allows tiny, brief amounts, but nothing close to what's needed: Pfenning and Ford estimated more than the visible universe's mass-energy for a 100-meter bubble.
Sources: Pfenning & Ford 1997 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ring-shaped ship resembles the IXS Enterprise, 2014 concept art by Mark Rademaker with NASA's Harold White. It's a visualization, not a NASA vehicle.
Sources: CNN; the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The clips show GITAI's Inchworm robots and Lunar Rover building a 5-meter lunar communications tower in a desert test, not a swarm of self-assembling solar modules.
Sources: GITAI; KDDI · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
That isn't a defining or typical feature. Modules may carry power supplies or share power through their connectors, and GITAI doesn't describe its robots as solar-powered.
Sources: Wikipedia; GITAI · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'self-assembling' and 'self-reconfiguring' differ. Self-assembling systems can't actively control their final shape, while self-reconfigurable robots rearrange their own connections.
Sources: Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The field is still largely at the prototype stage. Demonstrations top out around 50 units, and robustness and low cost haven't been shown.
Sources: Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The idea dates to CEBOT in the late 1980s. Space construction is a leading proposed use, as in GITAI's lunar tower demo and a 2026 study of robot arms assembling modular solar panels.
Sources: Wikipedia; GITAI; arXiv 2026 · full source list
The Reel
“net worth exceeds $11 billion”
The record
The Reel's 'net worth exceeds $11 billion' (mid-2025) is out of date. Forbes' real-time estimate on Oct. 17, 2026, was $19.9 billion.
Sources: Forbes · full source list
Status as of Oct. 17, 2026: Co-founder and CEO of Palantir Technologies. Forbes' real-time estimate of his net worth on Oct. 17, 2026, was $19.9 billion.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Fortune reported about $1.88 billion in sales from the start of 2024 to February 2025, made under preset Rule 10b5-1 trading plans; Palantir's annual report details one adopted Dec. 11, 2024. Many later sales were automatic, to cover taxes on vesting stock awards.
Sources: Fortune; SEC; Form 4 filings · full source list
The Reel
“taking it public in 2020”
The record
Was a direct listing on the NYSE on Sept. 30, 2020, not a traditional IPO.
Sources: Delaware Court of Chancery · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Palantir was founded in 2003, as the Reel says, but Forbes dates Karp's own start to 2004, the year he became CEO.
Sources: TechCrunch; Forbes · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The CIA tie goes back to the start: In-Q-Tel, the agency's venture arm, was an early investor. Clients also include the Defense Department and foreign police forces such as Denmark's.
Sources: Forbes; Politico · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Many of the dead do stay on Everest. More than 200 bodies are believed to remain, and the death zone is generally placed above about 8,000 m.
Sources: BBC; Phys.org · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Nepal-funded clean-ups since 2019 have recovered 14 bodies, including four and a skeleton in a 54-day 2024 operation that ended June 5. Melting ice is exposing more.
Sources: BBC; NPR; Phys.org · full source list
The Reel
“-30 °C”
The record
Is on the mild side. Summit temperatures average about -36 °C in January and can drop to about -60 °C; July averages about -19 °C.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'expensive' means about Rs5 million ($37,400) budgeted per body in 2024, with teams of about 12 and bottled oxygen at more than $400 a cylinder.
Sources: BBC; NPR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel shows real human remains on the mountain. My cover and poster use a plain illustrated mountain instead of any frame from the video.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Fungal guttation droplets contain enzymes, secondary metabolites and, in some species, mycotoxins. Penicillium expansum droplets held patulin, citrinin and 194 proteins.
Sources: Biomolecules review; Postharvest Biology and Technology · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The toxin can be concentrated. Ochratoxin A in Penicillium droplets reached up to 11 times the level in the mycelium, and toxigenic Stachybotrys droplets held thousands of nanograms of satratoxins per milliliter.
Sources: Mycopathologia; Mycotoxin Research · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Guttation isn't constant. How much a fungus produces depends largely on growth medium and temperature, and most measurements come from lab cultures on agar.
Sources: Biomolecules review · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Why fungi guttate is only partly understood. One study linked droplet formation to salt and metal tolerance in Aspergillus versicolor.
Sources: Biomolecules review; PMC 2022 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The clips show a small mushroom with water beads on its stem and cap. They don't show which species it is or what the droplets contain, so nothing here implies that particular mushroom is toxic.
Sources: Reel footage · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He became shah on Sept. 16, 1941, after his father, Reza Shah, abdicated during the British and Soviet occupation of Iran.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
“ruled from 1941 to 1979”
The record
Skips 1953. He briefly fled in August 1953 and returned after a coup, backed covertly by the U.S. and Britain, that ousted Prime Minister Mosaddegh.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He left Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, but never formally abdicated. The Islamic Republic was declared on April 1, 1979, and he died in Cairo on July 27, 1980.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Opposition didn't come only from traditionalists and clergy. Secular nationalists and leftist groups also opposed him, citing the lack of political participation and SAVAK repression.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The White Revolution was ratified by referendum in 1963, and women first voted in a parliamentary election that September. The economy grew quickly at first, but by the 1970s inflation was high.
Sources: Britannica; Library of Congress · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's a thought experiment, popularized by Alan Weisman's The World Without Us (2007). Pripyat, empty since 1986, is the closest real-world example.
Sources: Scientific American; Lacan et al. 2015 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The first big failure is underground. About 800 pumps that keep New York's subway dry would stop, and tunnels would flood within days.
Sources: Living on Earth · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Weeds 'within days' is quick. Freeze-thaw cracking and plant growth take seasons to years, as Pripyat's pavement and street-side plots show.
Sources: Living on Earth; Lacan et al. 2015 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Skyscrapers wouldn't all wait centuries. Weisman expects flooded steel and buckling streets to start failures within decades, while masonry and concrete can last far longer.
Sources: Living on Earth; Scientific American · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The overgrown streets and water towers look CGI- or AI-stylized rather than real abandoned cities.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
EPFL did build a SPAD camera that filmed a laser pulse in flight. MegaX, developed with Canon, was the first megapixel SPAD sensor (Optica, 2020).
Sources: EPFL; Morimoto et al. · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
MegaX isn't a 'trillions of frames per second' camera. It records up to 24,000 fps; the light-in-flight video comes from 36-picosecond gate steps over many repeated pulses.
Sources: EPFL; Phys Rev X 2021 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It doesn't let you watch individual photons. Each pixel can detect one photon, but the movie is rebuilt statistically from countless photons scattered over repeated pulses.
Sources: EPFL; Phys Rev X 2021 · full source list
The Reel
“encoding each light pulse with unique temporal patterns”
The record
Sounds like Caltech's compressed ultrafast photography (pseudo-random spatial encoding), not EPFL's time-gating.
Sources: Liang et al. 2018 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Trillion-fps imaging of light dates to MIT's 2011 femto-photography (about 0.5–1 trillion fps effective), and Caltech's T-CUP hit 10 trillion fps in 2018.
Sources: MIT News; Velten et al. 2013; Liang et al. 2018 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Maduro no longer holds power. U.S. forces captured him and his wife in Caracas on Jan. 3, 2026; he is held in Brooklyn awaiting trial, and Delcy Rodríguez has led Venezuela as acting president since then. The Reel was posted on Nov. 13, 2025.
Sources: Reuters; Britannica; AP/NPR · full source list
Status as of Oct. 17, 2026: Held in U.S. federal custody in Brooklyn, awaiting trial in the Southern District of New York (set for June 14, 2027). He has pleaded not guilty to all charges. Delcy Rodríguez has led Venezuela as acting president since January 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
U.S. prosecutors charge him with narco-terrorism, cocaine-importation and weapons offenses, plus torture conspiracy in an Oct. 8, 2026, superseding indictment. He pleaded not guilty on Oct. 15, calls the accusations false, and trial is set for June 14, 2027.
Sources: DOJ; Reuters; Politico · full source list
Status as of Oct. 17, 2026: Held in U.S. federal custody in Brooklyn, awaiting trial in the Southern District of New York (set for June 14, 2027). He has pleaded not guilty to all charges. Delcy Rodríguez has led Venezuela as acting president since January 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Born in 1962 in Caracas; bus driver and transit-union representative; foreign minister (from 2006) and vice president (from October 2012) under Chávez, whom he succeeded after Chávez died on March 5, 2013.
Sources: Britannica; Guardian · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
His rise ran mainly through Chávez's movement and the legislature, including the 1999 Constituent Assembly and the National Assembly presidency, not only party ranks.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
“contested elections”
The record
Covers the narrow 2013 vote, which Capriles challenged, and the 2024 vote, which the electoral council awarded to Maduro but the opposition and several governments disputed. How he 'maintained power' is the Reel's characterization, not a sourced finding.
Sources: Britannica; CRS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Born in 1944 in New York City and raised in Chicago by adoptive relatives; he left college without a degree and co-founded the company in 1977.
Sources: Biography.com; Oracle · full source list
The Reel
“former CEO”
The record
Is true (1977–2014), but as of Oct. 17, 2026, he is still Oracle's executive chairman and CTO. Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia have been co-CEOs since September 2025.
Sources: Oracle; Oracle IR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He founded the company with Bob Miner and Ed Oates, as Software Development Laboratories; the Oracle name came later.
Sources: Oracle timeline; EBSCO · full source list
The Reel
“initially building databases for the CIA under the project name Oracle”
The record
Merges two facts. The name came from a CIA-funded Ampex storage project code-named ORACLE that the founders had worked on, and the CIA was also an early customer of their database.
Sources: Oracle timeline; CIA Reading Room; EBSCO · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'multi-billion' undersells it. Oracle reported $57.4 billion in revenue for the year to May 2025, and Ellison's stake made him briefly worth more than $400 billion in September 2025 (Forbes: $167.2 billion on Oct. 17, 2026). 'Competitive drive' is the Reel's characterization.
Sources: Forbes; Bloomberg · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The liquid CO₂ isn't injected in the hole. A reusable steel tube is filled at a charging plant beforehand and then placed in the drill hole.
Sources: Cardox patent; Energies 2019 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
An electrically fired chemical heater inside the tube turns the CO₂ supercritical, and a rupture disc bursts at a set pressure of about 1,200–2,800 bar.
Sources: Cardox patent; Energies 2019 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The pressure builds over about 0.03–0.09 seconds before the disc bursts, and the release then takes about 0.2 milliseconds.
Sources: Energies 2019 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It isn't new. It was conceived around 1924–25 in southern Illinois coal mines and sold as Cardox from 1927. Britain regulated it under Explosives in Coal Mines (Cardox) Orders in 1932–33.
Sources: Schooler thesis; London Gazette · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It causes less vibration and pollution, but it's labor-intensive and less efficient, so it isn't suited to large-scale mining. Today it's used where explosives are restricted.
Sources: Energies 2019 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Hydrologists and the USGS call this groundwater depletion or overdraft. 'Recession' usually means the natural decline in groundwater or streamflow between recharge events.
Sources: USGS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Water levels can recover. A 2024 global study documented reversals after policy changes, managed recharge and surface-water diversions. What usually can't be undone is compaction of clay layers.
Sources: Nature 2024; USGS · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The irreversible part is lost storage. Compacted clays don't re-expand, and in heavily pumped confined aquifers that 'water of compaction' is commonly 10–30% of the water pumped. The ground sinks too: subsidence has affected more than 17,000 square miles in 45 U.S. states.
Sources: USGS Circular 1186; USGS FS 165-00 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Rapid declines of more than 0.5 m a year are widespread, especially in dry cropland regions, and declines accelerated in 30% of the regional aquifers where trends could be compared.
Sources: Nature 2024 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Deeper or dry wells aren't the only effect. Depletion also raises pumping costs, worsens water quality, shrinks streams and lakes, and can draw seawater into coastal aquifers.
Sources: USGS FS 103-03; Nature 2024 · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In most piston diaphragm pumps the piston doesn't drive the membrane directly. It moves a hydraulic fluid, and that fluid flexes the diaphragm.
Sources: Emmerich; ABEL; Universal Pumping · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The inlet and outlet check valves are what make the flow one-way. They touch the liquid too, so they, not the piston, are the main wear parts.
Sources: Star Pump Alliance; Weir · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In English the part is usually called a diaphragm, so the pump is usually called a piston diaphragm pump. Manufacturers also use 'membrane'.
Sources: Star Pump Alliance; Emmerich · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It is a positive-displacement pump with suction and discharge strokes, and the pumped liquid doesn't touch the piston or drive. 'Sensitive' liquids include shear-sensitive products.
Sources: ABEL; Star Pump Alliance · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Big mining versions, such as Weir's GEHO pumps, move slurries of up to 85% solids at up to 250 °C, for example through ore pipelines and tailings lines.
Sources: Weir · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Pure water doesn't completely 'lack free ions'. It splits slightly into H⁺ and OH⁻ (about 10⁻⁷ mol/L each at 25 °C), giving 0.055 µS/cm. Distilled water left in air picks up CO₂ and reaches about 1 µS/cm.
Sources: Metrohm; NIST; CHIMIA · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Not every acid or base 'conducts well'. Strong ones split fully into ions, but weak ones like acetic acid and ammonia split only partly. At 1%, acetic acid conducts about 0.6 mS/cm versus about 93 mS/cm for hydrochloric acid.
Sources: Metrohm; CRC Handbook · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
H⁺ and OH⁻ move far faster than other ions (about 350 and 199 versus 50 for Na⁺). That's a big part of why strong acids and bases conduct so well.
Sources: Metrohm · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Seawater conducts about 0.053 S/cm at 25 °C, roughly a million times more than ultrapure water.
Sources: CHIMIA · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Conductivity depends on the presence and mobility of ions; dissolved salts make water conductive. Conductivity also changes with temperature, by about 5.8% per °C for pure water.
Sources: Metrohm · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Grass skiing didn't start in the 1980s. Josef Kaiser invented it in Germany in the 1960s, a European Cup began in 1971, and the first World Championships were in 1979. The 1980s were a peak of popularity.
Sources: Grasski.at; SnowTrex; The Ski Journal · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The International Grass Ski Federation ran the World Championships only until 1985. That year the FIS took over the sport and the federation dissolved, so the sport has been run by the FIS ever since.
Sources: German Wikipedia; Grasski.at · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It wasn't only European. The first World Championships were held at Bryce Resort, Virginia, in 1979, and others followed in Australia (1983) and Japan (1987).
Sources: German Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The sport is still raced. World Championships are held every two years under the FIS, a World Cup has run since 2000, and Iran won the 2015 team title.
Sources: SnowTrex; The Ski Journal · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Racing grass skis run on tracks of small rollers (about 192 rolls per pair), not wheels. Confirmed: Germany, Italy and Austria were early adopters, with Switzerland too, and Austria and Italy have hosted World Championships (Alberschwende 1981, Asiago 1993).
Sources: The Ski Journal; Grasski.at; German Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about an automatic transmission's torque converter (captions at 0.8–8.4 s). It has three parts: an engine-driven impeller, a turbine on the transmission input shaft, and a stator that multiplies torque at low speed.
Sources: IEEE; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“a torque converter is a fluid coupling”
The record
It's a fluid coupling plus a stator. A plain fluid coupling can transmit torque but can't multiply it.
Sources: IDC; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“instead of a mechanical clutch”
The record
Virtually all modern automotive converters include a lock-up clutch that mechanically joins the impeller and turbine at cruise to eliminate slip.
Sources: IEEE; IDC · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The stator works only at low speed ratios. It sits on a one-way clutch, multiplies torque by up to about 2.5:1 at stall, and freewheels near the coupling point.
Sources: IEEE; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The clip shows a converter-style unit in a transparent housing filled with fluid, apparently a demonstration piece. The Reel doesn't say what model it is.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Born in 1939 in Mashhad; studied in Qom, including under Khomeini; active in the movement against the shah; president from 1981 to 1989; supreme leader from 1989 until his death in 2026.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel, posted March 22, 2026, doesn't say how he died. He was killed on Feb. 28, 2026, in the first U.S.-Israeli strikes on Tehran at the start of the 2026 war.
Sources: Britannica; NPR · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
His son Mojtaba Khamenei has been supreme leader since the Assembly of Experts named him on March 8, 2026. Reuters reported in August that he had made no independently verified public appearance since.
Sources: BBC; Assembly of Experts; Reuters · full source list
Status as of Oct. 17, 2026: Deceased (killed Feb. 28, 2026). His son Mojtaba Khamenei has been Iran's supreme leader since March 8, 2026.
The Reel
“appointed Supreme Leader”
The record
Was a selection by the Assembly of Experts in June 1989. He did not yet hold senior clerical rank, and a July 1989 referendum loosened the qualifications and strengthened the office.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
“rose through the new government”
The record
Included the Revolutionary Council, deputy defense minister and a brief Revolutionary Guard command. His presidency was largely ceremonial; the prime minister then held most executive power.
Sources: Britannica · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel says Nero declared himself the winner; ancient sources say the judges awarded him the victory.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel says changing one particle instantly influences its partner; the measurement results are correlated, but no signal or information travels faster than light.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel calls the projectile the 'Atomic Hand Grenade'; I could not confirm that nickname.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Some accounts say Tenzing was born in Tibet rather than Nepal's Khumbu region.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel calls it the deadliest tornado in history; it is the deadliest in U.S. history, while the 1989 Daulatpur–Saturia tornado in Bangladesh killed more people.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2013 reanalysis found at least 174 miles of the 219-mile track was likely one tornado.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel gives 50 to 80 wingbeats per second; larger species beat their wings more slowly, around 10 to 15 times a second.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel says gravity becomes infinitely strong at the center; that is the prediction of general relativity, which is expected to break down there.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel calls luciferin a pigment; it is a light-emitting compound that luciferase oxidizes.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't find a source for this comparison. The sourced figure is billions of tons, about 1.6 × 10^12 kg on average, so I left the mountain comparison out of the write-up.
The Reel
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The record
I couldn't verify that. The attested ancient name is Akhet Khufu, 'Horizon of Khufu'.
The Reel
“No. 1”
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The record
None needed. I added that Photo 51 was taken by her student Raymond Gosling, and that she had died before the 1962 prize.
The Reel
“No. 2”
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The record
That's how she's widely described, but historians debate how much of the work was hers and how much was Babbage's. I kept the claim attributed.
- Missing context'Likely destroyed in a fire in the 5th century AD'
DD-096 Zeus @ Olympia
History · LocationsThe Reel
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The record
Fair. Sources give two accounts, Constantinople in 475 AD or the temple fire of 425 AD.
The Reel
“No. 3”
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The record
I'd say into the body. Many venoms go into tissue, not directly into the blood.
The Reel
“The final version, completed around 550 BC... destroyed by arson in 356 BC”
The record
The temple burned in 356 BC was the Croesus-era one begun around 550 BC. It was then rebuilt, and that last temple stood until it was destroyed in 401 AD.
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The record
Ancient accounts tie Phidias to an Amazon statue at the temple. I kept it attributed.
The Reel
“No. 4”
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The record
The usual spelling is Mark Antony. I kept the caption as written in the transcript.
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The record
Plutarch names Hebrew (or Aramaic) among others. Latin is less certain; Wikipedia says she could 'apparently' speak it.
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“No. 5”
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The record
I'd say deterrent. The stripes don't repel flies so much as stop them landing properly.
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The record
That pose is a later legend. Modern scholars think it stood on land, not across the harbor.
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The record
It was finished around 280 BC, so about 54 years; the exact date is uncertain.
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“No. 6”
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The record
Research suggests the fungus works through the ant's muscles while the brain stays largely uninvaded. I've kept the claim attributed.
- Unverified'Symbolic representation of the eternal flame of knowledge'
DD-104 Lighthouse of Alexandria
Locations · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
I couldn't find a source for that symbolism; the fire was a practical beacon.
The Reel
“No. 7”
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The record
The dead pines were ginger-brown; the Reel's footage is color-tinted. I kept the Reel's own wording for the location in the transcript.
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“Skilled in managing the estate stables... breeding and training of horses”
The record
I couldn't find a source for that role. Her riding skill as a girl is documented.
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The record
The canonical five were all killed in 1888, from August 31 to November 9. 1888 to 1891 is the span of the wider Whitechapel murders file.
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“No. 1”
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The record
Only the hottest parts of some flames are weakly ionized, so I'd call ordinary flames borderline.
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The record
Local Bedouin always knew it, so 'rediscovered' only applies to Europeans.
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“No. 2”
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The record
None needed. I added that the male's total fast is about 120 days, longer than the two-month incubation.
The Reel
“The initial design... around 46 m... the winning design was much larger”
The record
I couldn't verify this, and the Reel's own numbers contradict it (46 m initial, 30 m final).
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The record
Paul Landowski was French, of Polish descent; I kept the Reel's 'Polish-French' in the transcript.
The Reel
“No. 3”
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The record
Most archaeologists accept the royal-estate idea, though details are debated.
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“No. 4”
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The record
The New 7 Wonders aren't ranked; I read the number as his own series order.
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The record
The New 7 Wonders aren't ranked; I read the number as his own series order.
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The record
The New 7 Wonders aren't ranked; I read the number as his own series order. The color descriptions are commonly reported impressions of the light, which I kept as such.
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The record
I'd scale this back. Behavioral studies put some large raptors at about twice human resolution.
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The record
That describes the heart's western lobe, Sputnik Planitia; the eastern lobe is uplands coated with nitrogen ice.
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The record
Those two figures don't match each other. Wikipedia gives up to about 2,100 km/h, roughly 1,300 mph.
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The record
That assumes the spot seen in 1665 is the same storm. A 2024 study suggests it isn't, so the firm record is since 1831.
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The record
None needed. Height is measured above the Martian datum, which isn't directly comparable to sea level.
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The record
'Clockwise' and 'counterclockwise' depend on viewpoint; seen from above the north pole, Earth spins counterclockwise and Venus clockwise. 'A day is longer than a year' holds for the sidereal day; the solar day (about 117 days) is shorter.
The Reel
“Temperatures plummet to approximately 290 degrees Fahrenheit”
The record
It should be -290 °F; the caption drops the minus sign but the voiceover says 'negative'.
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The record
Lions are the only truly social big cats, but some other cats, like male cheetah coalitions and feral house cats, form groups too.
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The record
Dark marks absorb light; they're thought to reduce glare, not reflect it.
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The record
Hippos can't really swim or float; they move by walking or bouncing along the bottom.
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The record
The title says gazelles, but impalas aren't gazelles; they're in their own tribe, Aepycerotini.
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The record
Impalas have black stripes on the tail and rump rather than a single patch.
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“These intelligent creatures are capable of recognizing themselves in a mirror”
The record
Only one of three Asian elephants passed in the 2006 study, so it's shown in some individuals, not all.
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The record
Researchers describe the behavior, but whether it is mourning is an interpretation.
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The record
The title uses the nickname 'scaly anteaters'; pangolins aren't related to true anteaters.
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The Reel
“Unlike many marine animals that swim by contracting muscles”
This site said
Not a Reel claim: this note is about my own site.
The record
ASR heard an extra 'Jellyfish.' at the end; the captions end at 'environments.', so I left it out.
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The record
None needed. The caption writes the gun as 'KWK 43'; its designation is KwK 43 L/71.
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The Reel
“The Boeing AH-64 Apache ... can perform the Pinnacle landing maneuver”
This site said
Not a Reel claim: this note is about my own site.
The record
None needed. The caption's ending ('forward with tremendous') is cut off in the frames I saw.
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The record
That was its long-standing height; new antennas raised it to about 330 m in 2022.
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The Reel
“Sapphires, like diamonds, belong to the corundum mineral family”
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The record
None needed. 'Mystical properties' is belief, not fact; I kept it attributed to cultures.
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The record
The country is spelled Colombia. I kept the caption's spelling in the transcript.
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The record
It's the young buds that track; once flowers open they mostly stop and face east.
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The record
None needed. The 'seven times stronger than a bloodhound' figure is an estimate; I attributed it to the US National Park Service.
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The record
That company was Auto Avio Costruzioni; the first car carrying the Ferrari name came in 1947.
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The record
Founded by an Italian-born designer in Molsheim, then in Germany, now in France.
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The record
Rolls-Royce cars and Rolls-Royce aircraft engines are now separate companies; the car maker has been owned by BMW since 2003.
The Reel
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The record
None needed. The voiceover says 'Horatio'; the founder's name is Horacio.
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The record
That was the racing team; McLaren Automotive, the road-car company, was formed much later and launched its first car in 2011.
The Reel
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The record
In most countries this is done by central banks, often independent of the government.
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The record
The largest crab is the Japanese spider crab, while the mass gatherings are Australian giant spider crabs, which gather mainly to molt.
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- Imprecise'Instead of becoming feeble and weak with age'
DD-194 Long-Living Like Larry
Nature · ScienceThe Reel
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The record
Lobsters do eventually die, often because molting becomes too costly or from shell disease.
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The record
None needed. The voiceover says 'Antony'; the architect's name is Antoni Gaudí.
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The record
Its hips were about 4 m (13 ft) high; 20 ft overstates its height in a natural pose.
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The record
None needed. The caption says 'hearty vegetation'; the usual word is hardy.
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- Imprecise'Ensuring his victory by having his competitors ousted'
DD-214 The Beast of Rome
People · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
Ancient sources say he was declared the chariot-race winner despite falling and not finishing, rather than that rivals were removed.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel says Caligula made his horse a senator. The ancient sources say he planned to make his horse Incitatus a consul, and there is no record that he actually did.
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The record
The Reel calls him the first Holy Roman Emperor. He was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800; the name Holy Roman Empire came into use centuries later.
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The record
The Reel says he was illiterate for much of his life. His biographer Einhard says he tried to learn to write late and did not succeed; he is believed to have been able to read.
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The Reel says he established the largest contiguous empire in history. The empire reached that size under his successors after his death in 1227.
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The record
The Reel calls it a Korean webtoon; it started as a web novel by Chugong in 2016, and the webtoon adaptation followed in 2018.
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The record
The Reel's figures (over 5 billion lithium-ion batteries a year, and a 72% share of production for China in 2020) vary by source and year, so I didn't repeat them as facts.
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The record
The voiceover says 'silicone wafer'; chips are made on silicon, the element, not silicone.
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The record
The voiceover says the slats are 'coated with a clay mixture'; in the usual method the slats are grooved and glued, and the clay is mixed into the graphite core.
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The record
The Reel calls Dubai Creek Tower 'upcoming'; construction stopped around 2020 and its future is uncertain.
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The record
The caption says Mall of the Emirates, but the voiceover describes the Dubai Mall, a different mall. Mall of the Emirates is home to Ski Dubai.
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The record
The Reel says the cycle creates the 'lub dub' sound; more precisely, the sound comes from the heart valves closing.
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The Reel says the test made Bikini uninhabitable; the residents had been moved before the 1946 tests, and later testing and contamination kept the atoll from being permanently resettled.
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The record
The Reel says 'African eagle'; the fish-eating species is the African fish eagle.
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The record
The Reel says success can be as high as 90%; I could not verify that figure.
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The record
The Reel gives 80 mph as a top speed; large powder avalanches can be faster.
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The Reel says the bird is native to South Asia; its range also covers much of Southeast Asia.
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The record
Right, though I'd note they were common from the late 1800s through the 1960s, not just the 1950s.
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The record
Right. Behavior depends on the model; some cycle until stopped by hand, others jam or trip a stop.
The Reel
“Releases hydrogen gas and heat which can ignite the hydrogen”
The record
Right, though I'd add that research from 2015 suggests the explosive start is a Coulomb explosion, with the hydrogen fire coming after.
The Reel
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The record
Right. Many cradles use two wires or strings per ball in a V shape to keep them in line.
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- Missing context'Typically created by exciting gases into an ionized state'
DD-287 Making Plasma in the Microwave
ScienceThe Reel
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The record
Right. I'd add that it usually needs a starter, such as metal edges, a grape pair or a flame, to concentrate the field.
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The record
I'd soften this a little. It's true for complex flakes, but tiny simple crystals can look alike, and researchers have grown near-identical twins in the lab.
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The record
Close. In clouds a supercooled droplet usually freezes on the particle first, and vapor then deposits onto the ice.
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The record
Right. Illudins cause severe cramps and vomiting, though it isn't known to be lethal.
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The record
I'd correct this. MRI gradient coils are stationary; they vary the field electrically. The spinning ring in the footage looks like a CT scanner's gantry with its covers off.
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The record
In MRI, contrast comes from how tissues' nuclei relax, not from rotation. In CT, the rotation lets the computer build cross-sections from X-ray measurements.
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The record
I'm treating the footage as a CT scanner shown in place of an MRI, so I covered both machines.
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The record
Right for giant kelp, which can top 100 feet. I'd add that kelp is an alga, not a true plant.
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The record
I couldn't verify that name or size for a Southeast Asian species. The largest known velvet worm, about 22 cm, is from Costa Rica.
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The Reel
“If a flatworm is cut in half each piece can grow into a complete organism”
The record
I'd attribute this to freshwater planarians, the classic regeneration model, rather than to marine flatworms in general.
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The record
Right, though I'd note not all spiders build webs; many hunt or ambush instead.
- Missing context'Each bomber costing approximately $2,000,000,000'
DD-295 2-Billion Dollar B=2
Military · TechThe Reel
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The record
Fair as an average including development ($2.13 billion). I'd note the cost to build one more aircraft was estimated at about $737 million in 1997 dollars.
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The record
I'd use 'cohere'. Cohesion is attraction between water molecules; adhesion is attraction to other materials.
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The record
In 1986 the plant was in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union; it's now in The Ukraine.
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The record
I'd say the reactor exploded and burned, which is more precise than meltdown alone.
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The record
I'd flip the pressure part. Higher pressure tends to keep rock solid; much mantle melting happens when pressure drops as rock rises.
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The record
I'd put the emphasis on absorption. The blue comes mainly from red being absorbed along long paths through clear ice; scattering by bubbles makes ice look white, not blue.
The Reel
“When struck against a rough surface friction generates heat”
The record
For safety matches, I'd add that the key is the red phosphorus on the striking strip, not just any rough surface.
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The record
The metal balls chaining in oil are a high-voltage demonstration, not lightning; I treated them as an exemplar.
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Right. Much of Europe still uses buffers and screw couplings on many trains.
- Imprecise'Prevents it from smudging and allows for quick drying'
DD-304 Getting to the (Ball)Point
TechThe Reel
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The record
Mostly right. The ink is viscous and soaks into paper quickly; I'd still expect some smudging on glossy paper.
- Missing context'Virtual prisons are a conceptual form of incarceration'
DD-305 A Prison for Your Mind
Tech · PeopleThe Reel
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The footage is from Cognify, which proposes implanted artificial memories rather than VR headsets with monitored movement, so I described both.
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The Reel places it in tropical and subtropical Pacific waters; it lives mainly in the coastal seas of East Asia.
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The record
The Reel says sea angels live in deep ocean waters; common species such as Clione limacina are also found near the surface.
The Reel
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The Reel calls the mRNA an exact copy of the coding sequence; it matches the coding strand with uracil in place of thymine.
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The record
The Reel lists fertilizer production as a use; most phosphate fertilizer is made directly from phosphate rock, while white phosphorus mainly goes into high-purity phosphoric acid and other chemicals.
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The record
The Reel calls the bow features 'icebreaker bulbs' or 'ice horns'; I could not confirm those terms. Icebreakers mainly rely on a sloped, reinforced bow.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel says string theory proposes 11 dimensions; superstring theories use 10, and M-theory uses 11.
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The record
The footage shows EctoLife, a concept animation from 2022, not a working facility.
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The record
Artificial wombs had not been used for human babies as of the Reel's posting.
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The record
The Reel says lands are 1s and pits are 0s; on a CD, a 1 is a transition between a pit and a land, and 0s are the stretches between transitions.
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The record
The Reel says everything exposed was vaporized; the shadows mostly formed because exposed surfaces were bleached or scorched while blocked areas were not.
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The record
The Reel says a spark plug ignites the mixture; that is true for gasoline engines, while diesels ignite fuel by compression.
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The record
The Reel says slime molds sit between fungi and animals; they are classified apart from both, mostly among amoeba-like organisms.
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The record
I could not confirm how widely domes are used; I kept the Reel's description and attributed it.
The Reel
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The Reel describes the Supertanker in the present tense; the last one stopped operating in 2021.
The Reel
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The record
The idea that spiral stairs were built to favor right-handed defenders is a popular tradition that historians question.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel names Haemadipsa picta as an earthworm eater; that species is usually described as a blood-feeding land leech.
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The record
The Reel says soap cleans by saponification; saponification is how soap is made, while cleaning works through micelles.
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The record
The Reel calls the effect contrails and links it to high altitude and the sound barrier; wing vapor clouds are condensation in humid air, often seen at low altitude, and can form below the speed of sound.
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The record
The Reel says up to 7 inches; the commonly cited maximum wingspan is about 6 inches (15 cm), occasionally larger.
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The record
The speech-to-text gave the district as 'Nanzhen'; the tower is in Futian District.
The Reel
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The Reel gives 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit as 450 degrees Celsius; 1,000 °F is about 540 °C. The glow mostly comes from the rotors.
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The record
The Reel says over 28,000 kg to geostationary transfer orbit; that figure is for low Earth orbit (GTO is about 14,200 kg). It also calls the rocket in operation; it retired after its April 9, 2024 launch.
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The record
The Reel says it can photosynthesize; it keeps chloroplasts from algae, but how much energy it actually gains is uncertain.
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The record
The Reel calls the dulla a sack in the throat; it is the camel's soft palate.
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The Reel dates the Late Heavy Bombardment to about 4.5 billion years ago; it is usually placed about 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ago.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel calls the method gentle and suitable for gemstones; some stones, such as emeralds, opals and pearls, can be damaged by it.
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The speech-to-text rendered the architect as 'John Karl Wernicke'; the firm was John Carl Warnecke & Associates.
The Reel
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The Reel dates the explosion January 24; it happened on the evening of January 1, 2024.
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The Reel calls the process acid etching; dissolving rust this way is usually called pickling, and etching refers to attacking the metal itself.
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The Reel says AI assists with suturing; in current clinical systems such as da Vinci, the surgeon performs and controls each step.
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The record
The Reel says entire homes can be printed in 24 to 48 hours; that is roughly the print time for the walls, and the rest of the build takes longer.
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The record
The Reel says the design lowers turbopump temperature; more precisely, it lets the turbines that drive the pumps run cooler.
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The record
The Reel ties the upside-down sensors to the 2015 failure; they caused the July 2, 2013 crash.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel calls the fish immune to the venom; they are generally thought to tolerate or avoid the stings rather than be fully immune.
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The record
The Reel calls this the rolling shutter effect; frozen blades come from the stroboscopic wagon-wheel effect, while rolling shutter bends or warps them.
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The Reel says 6,140 liters and 'fire retardant'; the figure is about 6,137 liters, and the aircraft mixes in foam concentrate.
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The Reel calls Auschwitz I a 'labor and administrative camp'; it is usually called the main camp.
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The Reel implies the centrifuge replaces rockets; an upper rocket stage would still be needed to reach orbit.
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The record
The Reel lists cervical dislocation too; it is used but less common at scale.
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The record
The Reel describes DOGE as a department led by Musk; it is not a cabinet department, and Musk's formal title was special government employee. The '50,000' Defense figure is the Reel's.
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The record
The Reel calls the Canadian moose the largest subspecies; the Alaska moose (A. a. gigas) is generally considered the largest, and 'Canadian moose' covers several subspecies.
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The Reel says HHS was established in 1953; its predecessor, HEW, was, and it became HHS in 1979.
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The record
The Reel attributes the far bulge to inertia and gives 'roughly every 24 hours'; the far bulge comes from the difference in the Moon's pull, and the cycle is about 24 hours 50 minutes.
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The record
The Reel says 'over 2 trillion galaxies'; that 2016 estimate has since been revised downward by some studies to a few hundred billion.
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The Reel says the machines 'assist or perform' procedures; current clinical systems are surgeon-controlled.
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The record
The Reel uses the name 'Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation'; it was renamed the Gates Foundation in 2024.
The Reel
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- Missing context'Completed in 1986 after decades of construction'
DD-567 Hallgrímskirkja
Locations · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
41 years. Construction began in 1945, the crypt was consecrated in 1948, the tower and wings were finished in 1974, and the nave was consecrated on October 26, 1986.
- Missing context'Was inspired by Iceland's basalt lava columns'
DD-567 Hallgrímskirkja
Locations · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
That's how the design is usually described (Guðjón Samúelsson is said to have drawn on columnar basalt such as at Svartifoss). He was commissioned in 1937 and died before the church was finished.
The Reel
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The record
Architectural historians usually call it Expressionist and point to Copenhagen's Grundtvig's Church as a likely influence.
- Missing context'A massive pipe organ with over 5,000 pipes'
DD-567 Hallgrímskirkja
Locations · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
The Klais organ, inaugurated in December 1992, has 5,275 pipes and 72 stops, stands 15 m tall and weighs about 25 tonnes.
The Reel
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The record
At 74.5 m, it is Iceland's largest church and second-tallest building. The Leif Erikson statue in front, seen in the footage, was a US gift for the Althing's 1930 millennium and predates the church.
The Reel
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The record
Scheduled service began on January 21, 1976. Air France's last commercial flight was on May 30, 2003, and British Airways' was on October 24, 2003.
The Reel
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The record
More than half. New York–Paris took just under 3.5 hours, against about seven to eight hours on a subsonic jet.
The Reel
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The record
Its regular cruise was Mach 2.02, about 1,340 mph (2,150 km/h). The higher figures are close to its maximum speed, which was limited by skin heating.
- Imprecise'Built by Aerospatiale and British Aircraft Corporation'
DD-568 Commercial Supersonics
Tech · HistoryThe Reel
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The record
Sud Aviation, which became part of Aérospatiale in 1970, and BAC developed it under a 1962 UK–France treaty.
The Reel
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The record
Only 20 were built, Air France and British Airways were the only customers, and sonic booms limited it to supersonic flight over the sea. The 2000 Flight 4590 crash was its only fatal accident.
The Reel
“Expired or unsellable food from supermarkets, restaurants, and households”
The record
These are separate streams. Packaged expired stock from factories and shops can go to feed plants. Restaurant and household kitchen waste has been barred from pig feed since African swine fever spread in 2018.
The Reel
“Depending on its type... animal feed, biofuel, compost, or biogas”
The record
Broadly right. Dry packaged foods are the feed candidates, while wet kitchen waste mostly goes to anaerobic digestion, composting, or fuel and fertilizer.
The Reel
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The record
As in the footage, de-bagging machines open the packs and separate food from plastic before crushing and drying.
The Reel
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The record
The trend is supported by Chinese media reports on feed factories and by 2025 pilot programs, but no national figures are cited here, so the claim is attributed.
The Reel
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The record
China passed its Anti-Food Waste Law on April 29, 2021. Feed factories say moldy or spoiled products are rejected and the finished feed must meet feed standards.
- Wrong'Two Buran orbiters and several prototypes were left'
DD-570 Baikonur Cosmodrome
Space · History · LocationsThe Reel
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The record
The orbiter that flew in 1988 was destroyed in the May 12, 2002 roof collapse of MIK 112, which killed eight workers. The two in the famous photos are orbiter 1.02, which never flew, and the OK-MT engineering mockup.
- Imprecise'With one inside the MZK assembly building'
DD-570 Baikonur Cosmodrome
Space · History · LocationsThe Reel
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The record
Both are inside the MZK, Baikonur's Assembly and Fueling Complex at Site 112A, where they were moved in 1995.
- Overstated'Often called the world's largest hangar'
DD-570 Baikonur Cosmodrome
Space · History · LocationsThe Reel
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The record
The MZK is about 150 by 80 by 70 m (RussianSpaceWeb). That's huge, but the 'world's largest' label isn't supported.
The Reel
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The record
The program was suspended in 1993. The second and third flight orbiters were never completed.
The Reel
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The record
The one flight lasted 3 hours 25 minutes, with two orbits and a fully automatic landing. Baikonur is in Kazakhstan, and Russia leases the complex for $115 million a year under a lease extended to 2050.
The Reel
“Using forced labor from concentration camps and prisoners of war”
The record
These groups and more. The memorial lists civilian forced laborers from Eastern and Western Europe, Soviet POWs, Italian military internees, concentration-camp prisoners and Gestapo labor-camp inmates, up to 10,000 in all. About 1,600 died.
The Reel
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The record
Wikipedia gives a height of 22.5 to 27 m. The 426 m length and 97 m maximum width match.
- Overstated'Concrete walls and ceilings up to 7 m thick'
DD-571 Bunker Valentin
History · Military · LocationsThe Reel
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The record
The walls are about 4.5 m. The roof is mostly 4.5 m, and only one section reaches 7 m.
The Reel
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The record
It was a high-priority project but no secret to the Allies. RAF 617 Squadron bombed it on March 27, 1945, and two Grand Slam bombs broke through the thinner western roof.
The Reel
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The record
The bunker was never finished and no submarine was built there. It was a German navy depot until 2010, and the Denkort Bunker Valentin memorial opened on November 8, 2015.
The Reel
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The record
More precisely, a Muslim coalition led by the Artuqid commander Ilghazi on behalf of the Seljuk sultan. Modern Georgian historians estimate it at 100,000–250,000 men, against roughly 55,000 Georgians and allies.
The Reel
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The record
The victory let David take Tbilisi in 1122 and make it his capital. It's traditionally seen as opening the golden age, rather than a single act of independence.
The Reel
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- Missing context'Along with stone commemorative plaques'
DD-572 Unlimited Bladeworks
History · LocationsThe Reel
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The main elements are giant swords standing like crosses, colossal sculptures of warriors in the meadows and a central concrete column shaped like a deda bodzi, a traditional house pillar.
The Reel
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The memorial was designed by sculptor Merab Berdzenishvili and architect Tamaz Gabunia, who won the State Prize of Georgia for it in 1995. The Didgoroba commemoration has been held there every August 12 since 1997.
The Reel
“To commemorate the founding of Bulgaria's Socialist Movement”
The record
Specifically the 1891 meeting nearby at which Dimitar Blagoev's group founded the forerunner of the Bulgarian Communist Party.
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Construction began on January 23, 1974, and the building opened on August 23, 1981. The peak was lowered by about 9 m to make room for it.
The Reel
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The tower carries red-glass stars. The visibility claim is popular lore and is kept as the Reel's description.
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Until 1989. Maintenance then stopped, the building was stripped and left open to the weather, and part of its 937 m² of mosaics has been lost.
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The regional administration and the Buzludzha Project Foundation officially started work on a new roof and windows in August 2026, a project of over €3.5 million over about three years. Entry is still strictly forbidden.
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Correct. It's the last week before Great Lent, the eighth week before Orthodox Easter, so the date moves every year (February 24 to March 2 in 2025).
The Reel
“Foods like butter, cheese, and eggs before the fasting period”
The record
Correct, with one detail: meat is already given up that week, which is why it's also called Cheesefare Week. Blini (pancakes) are the signature dish.
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This is the usual description. Wikipedia calls it a religious and folk holiday that retains elements of Slavic mythology.
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The week ends on Forgiveness Sunday, when people ask each other's forgiveness before the effigy is burned. Lent begins the next day, Clean Monday.
The Reel
“Entirely black... feathers, skin, beak, comb, wattles, internal organs, and bones”
The record
Close. The breed standard says black, but meat, organs and bones are described as black or gray. The pigment sits in the tissue around the bones, not in the bone mineral.
The Reel
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More precisely, a complex rearrangement on chromosome 20 that duplicates a stretch of DNA containing the whole EDN3 gene (Dorshorst et al., 2011). Extra EDN3 drives the growth of pigment cells.
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The same mutation darkens the Silkie, Korea's Ogye and India's Kadaknath. A 2017 genome study concluded it arose once and spread among breeds.
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The pediatric pumps were. The first child, in 1990, was supported with an adult-sized 50 mL pump, and miniature pumps (from 10 mL) followed. It's mainly a bridge to heart transplant.
- Missing context'Such as the stationary Ikus, or the portable EXCOR® Active'
DD-577 Berlin Heart
Science · TechThe Reel
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Both drivers exist, but their status differs by country. In the US, the Ikus is the FDA-approved driver, and EXCOR Active is still an investigational device used in an FDA-approved study. Berlin Heart says both are for use in healthcare facilities.
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Correct. The air pushes and pulls a flexible membrane inside each pump, and valves keep the blood flowing one way.
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The FDA approved the EXCOR Pediatric under a Humanitarian Device Exemption on December 16, 2011, after a 17-hospital US study led by Texas Children's Hospital.
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Since August 24, 2006, Ceres has been classed as a dwarf planet. It's still the largest object in the asteroid belt and keeps its asteroid number, 1 Ceres, but NASA now calls Vesta the largest asteroid.
The Reel
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The Reel
“Energy orders of magnitude greater than the impact that wiped out the dinosaurs”
The record
An understatement. By my own back-of-envelope estimate, Ceres hitting at 11 to 20 km/s would carry about 6 × 10^28 to 2 × 10^29 joules. That's roughly a million times the about 10^23 joules estimated for Chicxulub, or about six orders of magnitude.
The Reel
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The record
Far worse than that. Sleep et al. (1989) estimated that impactors of about 350 to 440 km could boil away the oceans, and later models put the threshold nearer 700 km. Ceres is bigger than either, so an impact would probably sterilize Earth's surface.
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The collision is purely hypothetical. Ceres's orbit stays 2.55 to 2.98 AU from the Sun, far outside Earth's.
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Correct. It was launched on May 25, 2019, and its flag was raised on November 22, 2022. Delivery was two years late because of steam-turbine delays.
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That's the design figure for level ice at a steady 1.5 to 2 knots, at full power in deep water.
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That's the class's purpose, as part of a larger fleet. One ship alone doesn't keep the whole route open.
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Correct for the working range. The official minimum draft is a little lower, about 8.65 m.
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The reactors run on uranium-235 enriched to up to 20%. They make steam for two turbogenerators, and the electricity drives three 20 MW motors.
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True for small fish (copepods, amphipods). Fish above about 24 cm eat mostly small fish and decapods by weight.
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Correct. They're about three times its body length, which reaches about 43 cm.
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The rays are flexible when it swims but stiff when it stands, possibly because it pumps fluid into them. It feels for prey with its pectoral fins, since its eyesight is very poor.
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Both designs exist. The footage shows the hammer type, an impact sprinkler. The jet knocks the spring-loaded arm aside, and the arm swings back and strikes the body, turning the head a few degrees each time.
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In an impact sprinkler, the head steps around in small increments rather than spinning continuously.
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Citrus grower Orton Englehart invented the impact sprinkler in the early 1930s. His patent was granted on April 16, 1935, and it became the first product of Rain Bird.
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I'd put it slightly differently. SpaceX began buying land at Boca Chica in 2012, chose it as its South Texas launch site in August 2014 and started limited construction that year. The site wasn't called Starbase until 2021.
The Reel
“In May 2025, Starbase was officially incorporated as a city, following a local vote”
The record
Correct. The vote was on May 3, 2025, and the county certified it on May 20, 2025.
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Accurate as far as I can tell. Mayor Bobby Peden is a SpaceX vice president, and he ran unopposed; Wikipedia reports that the two commissioners also have SpaceX ties.
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The place was a small subdivision long before SpaceX. It was founded in 1967 as Kennedy Shores.
The Reel
“Different types of silk, depending on which spinneret is activated”
The record
I'd say gland rather than spinneret. Each silk type is made in its own gland, and several glands feed each spinneret. Reeling mainly yields major ampullate (dragline) silk.
The Reel
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The spider is released afterward, but I'd add that forced silking isn't the same as natural spinning. A 2004 study found that restrained spiders brake the line with far more force, which can change the silk's properties.
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True, and the best example I know is the V&A cape. It took 1.2 million spiders, and the V&A puts the yield at about an ounce per 23,000 spiders.
- Imprecise'Blending motorcycle mechanics with helicopter technology'
DD-584 Flying Bike
History · Military · TechThe Reel
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I'd narrow that. The motorcycle part was mainly the twist-grip throttle. The engine came from a Mercury outboard boat motor, and the steering was by leaning (kinesthetic control), an idea from NACA.
The Reel
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I think this is the de Lackner HZ-1 Aerocycle, whose first free flight was in January 1955 at the Brooklyn Army Terminal. Its first tethered flight was on November 22, 1954.
The Reel
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It was a US Army program, not a consumer vehicle. The Army ordered 12, then dropped the project after testing showed it was hard to fly and two crashes in which the rotors collided.
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The gas is in the rumen, the largest chamber of the stomach, not the bowels. The trocar goes through the left flank into the rumen.
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I'd flip the order. Carbon dioxide is the larger share, about 45 to 76%, and methane is about 20 to 31%. The methane is what burns.
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The trocar works for free-gas bloat. In frothy bloat, the gas is locked in a stable foam that a standard trocar can't drain well, so vets use antifoaming agents and, in the worst cases, an emergency rumenotomy.
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The record
Lighting the gas, as in the footage, is a demonstration, not part of the treatment.
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“Commonly seen in species like eagles, herons, and some seabirds”
The record
Correct. Boobies are the best-studied seabirds, and egrets and herons are classic facultative cases.
The Reel
“Ensures that limited parental resources are concentrated on the chick most likely to survive”
The record
I'd add that in obligate species like the Nazca booby, it happens even when food is plentiful. In facultative species, it mostly happens when food is short.
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Why lay a second egg at all? The leading explanation is the insurance egg hypothesis: the extra egg is a backup in case the first fails.
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The footage shows a hatchling heaving a nestmate out of a small cup nest. That's an exemplar of a chick ejecting a nestmate, and I didn't try to identify the species.
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Fair, with one detail. Strictly, it shows the de Moivre–Laplace theorem, the special case where a binomial distribution approaches the normal.
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I'd call that an overstatement. The bell needs many roughly independent bounces. A tilted board or biased pegs shift and skew it, and differently shaped pegs can produce other curves, such as Kapteyn's log-normal board.
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Galton designed the board for a lecture on February 27, 1874, and used it to argue about heredity and regression toward the mean, ideas tied to his eugenics.
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“Smooth metal surfaces like a spoon might reflect microwaves harmlessly”
The record
Often, but I wouldn't count on it. Smooth metal can still arc near the oven walls or another piece of metal, so the USDA says to follow the oven's manual and stop at once if arcing starts.
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The field concentrates at points and edges, ionizes the air and makes an arc.
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The footage is a heap of nails, which is an extreme exemplar of sharp points. I'm not recommending anyone try it. Arcing can damage the oven and start a fire.
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“Designed by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and engineer Nikolai Nikitin”
The record
Right, and I'd add architect Yakov Belopolsky. Vuchetich led the design, and Nikitin led the structural engineering and construction.
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It held that title from 1967 until 1989. The 'tallest in Europe' claim depends on counting the pedestal, as Wikipedia notes.
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The figure itself is 52 meters tall. The 85 meters includes the pedestal and the sword.
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“These teeth are fused into strong dental plates that allows them to grind coral”
The record
I'd split that in two. The fused beak scrapes the coral, and a separate set of tooth plates in the throat, the pharyngeal mill, does the grinding.
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The food is mostly the algae and microscopic organisms growing on and in the coral. The coral rock itself passes through as sand.
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Matches NOAA. I'd add that it varies a lot by species and size; one study puts it between under 3 and over 5,000 kilograms a year.
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I'd say it's the receiver array that stands near Chernobyl, in what was then the Ukrainian SSR. The transmitters were about 60 kilometers away, near Liubech.
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There was more than one Duga. An experimental system near Mykolaiv came first, and a second operational system, Duga-2, stood in eastern Siberia.
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1976 to 1989, the tapping signal, the ionosphere and the 700 by 150 meter array.
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“The body experiences forces exceeding thousands of pounds per square inch”
The record
At great depth, the pressure really is in the thousands of psi, about 5,500 psi at the depth of the Titanic. I'd add that pressure alone isn't the danger. Divers handle high pressure because it rises gradually. What hurts is a sudden change and the body's air spaces.
The Reel
“This collapses air-filled cavities, notably the lungs, causing severe barotrauma”
The record
Consistent with blast injury medicine, where the lungs, ears and gut are the most vulnerable.
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The footage is a stylized CGI figure, not real injury footage. I kept the case factual and left out graphic detail.
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I can't support that. NASA puts SLS at about 176 decibels at liftoff, and sound in air can't really go much past about 194 decibels before it stops behaving like a normal sound wave. 300 decibels isn't physically possible here.
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I'd scale that back. Stennis's B-2 stand gets up to 335,000 gallons a minute. The Pad 39B launch system peaks around 1.1 million gallons a minute, but only for seconds.
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Fair. NASA cites exhaust up to 6,000 degrees Fahrenheit, about 3,300 degrees Celsius.
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The footage looks like a launch pad water-flow test, not a Stennis engine test. I treated it as an exemplar of the same idea.
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The specimens measured in the 2011 species description were about 7 to 28 cm. Some other horsehair worm species exceed 2 m, but most are 20 to 40 cm.
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I found no source for this. The mature worm leaves through the host's body wall when the host is in or near water.
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Infected hosts do seek water, but the mechanism isn't fully understood. A 2023 study of the related Chordodes fukuii found mantis-derived genes that may play a role.
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Yes. Larvae form cysts in aquatic insects, which carry them to land when they become adults.
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The species was described in 2011 from Hierodula mantises in Taiwan and Japan, and later found in other mantises and long-horned grasshoppers.
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The most widely used sclerosants are detergents such as polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate. When salt is used, it's concentrated (hypertonic) saline, not ordinary saline.
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The classic needle injections suit spider and small reticular veins. Larger varicose veins are often treated with foam sclerosant guided by ultrasound, or with other procedures.
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Clinical sources say treated veins fade over weeks to months, and several sessions may be needed.
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Clinical sources list side effects such as bruising, brown staining of the skin and new tiny red veins, and rare complications including skin ulcers and clots.
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Correct in principle. Detergents break down the lining's cell membranes, while hypertonic saline draws water out of the cells. Either way, the vein scars and closes.
- Missing context'Causing uncontrolled bleeding or dangerous clots'
DD-598 Blood Destruction II
Nature · ScienceThe Reel
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Both can happen, and often in the same patient. Procoagulant toxins trigger clotting, which uses up fibrinogen and other factors (venom-induced consumption coagulopathy), so the blood then can't clot.
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Yes. Snake venom metalloproteinases digest the capillary basement membrane, especially type IV collagen, and blood-flow forces then rupture the weakened vessel.
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Some toxins block platelet aggregation, but others activate platelets. Either way, platelets end up depleted.
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Rattlesnakes are vipers, and most snakes known to cause consumption coagulopathy are vipers. Some Australasian elapids and some colubrids can cause it too.
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Venom added to blood in a glass makes it clot quickly, which illustrates the procoagulant effect rather than the bleeding the captions describe.
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Chicks peak at about 4.9 kg (30% or more above adult mass), then lose weight before they fledge, at a mass closer to their parents'.
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The Bird Island study found a meal about every 1.26 days with both parents combined. Each parent alone fed about every 2.5 days.
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The species usually breeds every other year, and the IUCN lists it as Endangered, with numbers falling at South Georgia.
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The Reel itself corrects this. The lava isn't blue; the color comes from burning sulfur gas and liquid sulfur.
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More precisely, sulfur-rich volcanic gases and sulfur vapor. Sulfuric acid is in the crater lake, not what burns.
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Ijen is the largest known blue-flame area. Blue sulfur fire has also been reported at Dallol in Ethiopia.
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Ijen is a working sulfur mine. Miners haul sulfur out by hand through sulfur dioxide levels a 2024 study found above the US EPA guideline.
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Octopus arms are muscular hydrostats, but the 2020 robot arm is a pneumatic silicone actuator. It mimics the arm's taper and suckers, not its muscle structure.
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The 2020 gripper bends and grips. Elongation came in a later Beihang-led arm, E-SOAM (Science Robotics, 2023).
- Missing context'Developed by Harvard and Beihang University researchers'
DD-601 Octopus Robo-Grip
Tech · ScienceThe Reel
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Yes, together with Festo, whose engineer Elias Knubben co-authored the 2020 study.
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A steeper taper curls less tightly but pushes with more force, so designers can tune the taper angle for a task.
- Missing context'Typically organophosphates or synthetic pyrethroids'
DD-602 Sheep Dipping
Tech · NatureThe Reel
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In the UK, synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin) dips were suspended in 2006 and later abandoned, so diazinon (an organophosphate) is the only dip option. Pyrethroid dips may still be used elsewhere.
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Yes. NADIS says OP dips kill mites within 24 hours and keep working for several weeks.
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OP dips are highly toxic to people too. UK users need a certificate of competence and must follow rules on protective clothing, storage and disposal.
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Injectable macrocyclic lactones are the main alternative to dipping, but heavy use has been linked to resistance in worms and a 2018 study confirmed moxidectin-resistant scab mites in Wales.
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The constellations keep their shapes, because Mars is too close to Earth for any visible parallax. What changes is the pole: Mars's axis points between Deneb and Alderamin, so it has no bright North Star.
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The thin air means stars barely twinkle, but dust dims them by about one magnitude overhead and up to four near the horizon, so they don't look brighter than from a dark site on Earth.
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Yes, and even without storms, suspended dust makes twilight last much longer.
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Yes, along with nitrogen and argon, and the whole atmosphere is only about 1% as dense as Earth's.
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Earth shines as a bright evening or morning star from Mars, and Phobos and Deimos are both visible. Curiosity photographed Earth and the Moon from Mars on January 31, 2014.
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Northrop Aircraft was founded in 1939. Northrop Grumman itself formed in 1994, when Northrop acquired Grumman.
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Northrop's flying-wing and stealth work led to the B-2 bomber, and it now builds the B-21 Raider. The company doesn't detail its stealth materials publicly.
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Yes, and more. Northrop Grumman was Webb's prime contractor: it designed and built the sunshield, provided the spacecraft and integrated the whole observatory.
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And space. The 2018 acquisition of Orbital ATK added rockets and satellites, and the US government accounts for about 84% of sales.
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The company is headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia, and reported about $42 billion in 2025 sales and about 95,000 employees.
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The main temple is attributed to Krishna I (reigned c. 757–783), but some parts appear to have been finished later, under his successors.
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The figure is a modern estimate, about 85,000 m³ weighing roughly 200,000 tonnes, not a recorded amount.
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The usual spelling is Rashtrakuta. Wikipedia also notes Chalukya and Pallava styles in the temple, likely the work of artists from those regions.
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Kailasa is Cave 16 of the Ellora Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983 whose 34 caves include Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments.
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Rafael says the Tamir carries a special warhead that detonates the target's warhead in the air. In a 2015 drone test, some targets were destroyed by the proximity warhead and some by a direct hit.
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This is an official figure (Rafael says more than 90%) and counts only rockets the system chose to engage. Critics including Theodore Postol and Richard Lloyd argued for much lower rates, and proponents dispute their methods (Armstrong 2018).
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Rafael leads the program with Israel Aerospace Industries. The radar is built by IAI's Elta and the battle-management center by mPrest.
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According to Wikipedia, the range is about 4–70 km, and later upgrades target drones and cruise missiles too (Israel MOD, 2026).
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The US contributed $1.6 billion from 2011 to 2021 and approved another $1 billion in 2022. Since October 2026, complete Tamirs are also produced in East Camden, Arkansas.
The Reel
“Climbing the mountain is forbidden out of respect for its sanctity”
The record
Respect for the mountain is the reason usually given, but the ban is enforced by the Chinese authorities. A Spanish team was refused permission in 2001.
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Sources give about 50–53 km. The route's highest point is the Drölma pass, at about 5,650 m.
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The direction depends on the tradition. Hindus and Buddhists walk clockwise and Bon followers counterclockwise, and sources differ on Jains (clockwise per Wikipedia, counterclockwise per Britannica).
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Correct. Mount Kailash is in the Gangdise (Kailash) Range of the Transhimalaya, in Ngari Prefecture, Tibet.
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The sources of the Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra and Ghaghara rivers lie near Kailash, and nearby Lake Manasarovar is part of the pilgrimage.
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“Bodies of water like reservoirs, lakes, or slow-moving rivers”
The record
Most installations are on calm, man-made water such as reservoirs and irrigation ponds. The World Bank's potential estimates focus on man-made freshwater reservoirs.
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Also, the water cools the panels and they shade the water, which may raise output and reduce evaporation. The World Bank says the size of these gains still needs confirming at scale.
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The first commercial system (2008) was put on a winery pond specifically to avoid taking land from grapevines.
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The first floating PV system was built in Aichi, Japan, in 2007, and capacity reached about 13 GW worldwide by 2022.
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NASA's figure is a 490 kg design payload for a 210 kg vehicle, more than double. Wikipedia gives 440 kg, which is also more than double.
The Reel
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The record
Yes, by two 36-volt silver-zinc batteries that were not rechargeable. Each wheel had its own electric motor.
The Reel
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The record
The first drive was on July 31, 1971, and rovers were also driven on Apollo 16 and 17 in 1972.
The Reel
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The record
On Apollo 17 the crew drove 35.9 km in total and went as far as 7.6 km from the lander.
The Reel
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The record
Boeing built the rovers, with Delco as a major subcontractor. The contract grew from $19 million to $38 million, and the three rovers that flew are still on the Moon.
The Reel
“The focused laser can heat the gas enough to start combustion”
The record
In a photochemical reaction like hydrogen–chlorine, the light doesn't need to heat the gas. Single photons split Cl₂ molecules and start a chain reaction. Heating is a separate ignition mechanism (Dearden & Shenton 2013).
The Reel
“This principle is used in controlled laser ignition systems... in engines”
The record
Engine laser ignition typically uses nanosecond pulses from near-infrared Nd:YAG lasers (1064 nm) focused into a plasma spark, not blue light breaking bonds.
The Reel
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The record
That depends on the reaction. Hydrogen–chlorine reactions need no oxygen, and Harvard's demo notes say oxygen actually inhibits the chain.
- Missing context'Photon energy sufficient to... cause photo dissociation'
DD-610 Laser Ignition
Science · TechThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
True for chlorine. Breaking a Cl–Cl bond takes about 2.51 eV (492 nm) and blue photons carry about 2.8–3.1 eV, but photochemical ignition usually requires UV because absorption matters too.
The Reel
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The record
Laser ignition is being studied as a spark-plug replacement for high-compression engines and for rocket engines, where it avoids electrode wear and extra igniter hardware.
The Reel
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The record
This is the best-documented case. Studies in Spain and Greece describe golden eagles dropping tortoises onto rocks to break their shells.
The Reel
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The record
Golden eagles occasionally take ungulates, but dropping them is documented mainly in filmed and anecdotal reports, not systematic studies.
The Reel
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The record
Their main prey is hares, rabbits, marmots and ground squirrels. There's no study-based evidence of them dropping these.
The Reel
“Known for their dramatic hunting techniques, including dropping prey”
The record
Dropping is a specialized behavior, not their usual hunting method. In Spain, tortoises served as alternative prey where rabbits were scarce (Gil-Sánchez et al. 2022).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In northern Greece, tortoises made up about 71% of the eagles' breeding-season diet, and the eagles switched to carrion, mammals and birds while tortoises hibernate.
The Reel
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The record
Wind shear is a change in wind speed and direction with height. NOAA says the ideal setup is winds turning clockwise as you go up.
The Reel
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The record
Typically 2–4 hours, and some tornadic supercells last more than 7. Shear keeps the updraft and downdraft apart, so rain-cooled air doesn't shut the storm down.
The Reel
“Tilts and stretches horizontal spin into the storm's updraft”
The record
That's the standard explanation for midlevel rotation. Dahl (2017) showed it doesn't fully explain rotation near the ground.
The Reel
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The record
And the least common type. Supercells cause nearly all significant US tornadoes, but fewer than about 30% produce one.
The Reel
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The record
Supercell updrafts can exceed 100 mph (160 km/h), and the storms produce most US hailstones larger than a golf ball.
The Reel
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The record
The cause is a single amino acid swap (valine for glutamic acid) in beta-globin, inherited from both parents. The disease is autosomal recessive.
The Reel
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The record
Specifically when hemoglobin S has given up its oxygen in the tissues. The strands then form inside the cell and distort it.
The Reel
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The record
NHLBI describes sickled cells as inflexible and sticky. They can stick to vessel walls and block flow, depriving tissue of oxygen.
The Reel
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The record
The anemia comes mainly from sickle cells breaking apart early, after 10 to 20 days instead of 90 to 120.
The Reel
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The record
Sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the US (FDA), and the first gene therapies were approved on December 8, 2023.
The Reel
“Nvidia working with Disney Research and Google DeepMind, unveiled Blue”
The record
Blue is a Disney Research robot. The three-way collaboration is Newton, the physics engine, which NVIDIA announced at the same keynote.
The Reel
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The record
At GTC 2025, NVIDIA said Disney Research would be the first to use Newton. The engine wasn't released until a beta in September 2025, so the claim is attributed to the announcement.
The Reel
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The record
Newton is co-developed by NVIDIA, Google DeepMind and Disney Research, and since September 29, 2025 it has been governed by the Linux Foundation.
The Reel
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The record
Yes, two NVIDIA Jetson computers, according to Disney Research and to Huang onstage. The droids also have four actuators in the head and neck and five in each leg.
The Reel
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The record
Blue belongs to Disney's BDX droid family, which had already appeared at GTC 2024. 'Unveiled' applies to Blue as a character, not to the BDX platform.
The Reel
“With astronauts manually controlling the descent and approach”
The record
Reentry was flown by computers. Commanders took manual control only for the final approach, during subsonic flight about 22 miles (35 km) from touchdown.
The Reel
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The record
The approach glide slope was about 20°, more than six times steeper than an airliner's 3°. The glide was unpowered, so there was no go-around.
- Missing context'Using landing gear and brakes to safely stop'
DD-615 On A Glide
Space · Tech · HistoryThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
From 1991, orbiters also deployed a 40-foot drag parachute after touchdown, and carbon brakes were added.
- Missing context'Usually at Kennedy Space Center or Edwards Air Force Base'
DD-615 On A Glide
Space · Tech · HistoryThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
78 landings were at Kennedy and 54 at Edwards. One mission, STS-3, landed at White Sands, New Mexico.
The Reel
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The record
The program flew 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. 133 returned safely, and the last landing was Atlantis on July 21, 2011.
The Reel
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The record
The shape has to be set first, by holding the part in a mold while it's heat-treated at about 500 °C and then cooled quickly (ASME).
The Reel
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The record
It happens above the alloy's transformation temperature, which is tuned by composition and heat treatment. For some devices that's near body temperature.
The Reel
“Low-temperature martensitic phase where it's easily deformed”
The Reel
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The record
Nitinol is the most common alloy. Copper-based alloys exist too, and shape-memory polymers became commercially available in the late 1990s.
The Reel
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The record
Nitinol was discovered in 1959 at the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory. The shape-memory effect itself was first seen in a gold–cadmium alloy in 1932.
The Reel
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The record
HOK says the roof opens in eight minutes and closes in seven. At its July 2018 demonstration it opened in 8 minutes 10 seconds.
The Reel
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The record
The eight petals look as if they rotate like an aperture, but they actually slide in straight lines along 16 tracks.
The Reel
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The record
The stadium opened on August 26, 2017, but the roof wasn't fully working until July 2018, about 11 months later.
- Missing context'Solar panels, and LEED Platinum certification'
DD-617 Mercedes Stadium
Locations · TechThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
There are 4,000 panels, mostly on entry canopies and parking areas rather than the roof. In November 2017 it became the first professional sports stadium to reach LEED Platinum, with 88 points.
The Reel
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The record
The roof's opening was inspired by Rome's Pantheon, and the stadium hosted Super Bowl LIII in 2019.
The Reel
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The record
Only a mirror moving at a significant fraction of light speed produces measurable photons. The first observation (Chalmers, 2011) used a superconducting circuit whose electrical length changed at a few percent of light speed.
The Reel
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The record
The Chalmers experiment detected microwave photons emitted in correlated pairs, the predicted signature.
The Reel
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The record
The static force is tiny and only measurable at very small gaps. Lamoreaux measured it in 1997 at 0.6–6 micrometers.
The Reel
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The record
That's the standard popular description. Wilson et al. describe it as converting virtual photons into directly observable real photons.
The Reel
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The record
Hendrik Casimir predicted the static effect in 1948, and Gerald Moore proposed the dynamical version in 1970.
The Reel
“Its freshwater system begins with rainfall and overflow from Lake Okeechobee”
The record
The watershed starts farther north, near Orlando, with the Kissimmee River feeding the lake.
The Reel
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The record
About 60 miles wide and over 100 miles long, moving roughly half a mile a day. Marjory Stoneman Douglas coined the phrase in 1947.
The Reel
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The record
The NPS explains that alligators dig them in the winter dry season. They hold water when the marsh dries and shelter fish, turtles and birds.
The Reel
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The record
Toward Florida Bay. The water can take months or years to get there, and canals and levees now divert much of it.
The Reel
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The record
About half the original Everglades has been converted to farms and cities. Everglades National Park was dedicated on December 6, 1947, and Congress approved a restoration plan in 2000.
The Reel
“The Safavid dynasty, founded by Sheikh Safi al-Din in the 13th century”
The record
I'd separate the order from the dynasty. Sheikh Safi (who died in 1334) founded the Safaviyya Sufi order. His descendant Ismail I founded the Safavid state in 1501, named after him. UNESCO calls Safi the dynasty's founder in the eponymous sense.
The Reel
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The record
Wikipedia gives about 1,350 meters for the city, with an average altitude of 1,263 meters. I treat 1,400 as a round-up.
The Reel
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The record
This matches local historical research cited by Wikipedia. Muslim historians date its founding as a city to the Sasanian king Peroz I in the fifth century.
The Reel
“Richly endowed shrine complex now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site”
The Reel
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The record
I can't match that. Raytheon's own site lists more than 52,000 employees for the segment. RTX as a whole is much larger.
The Reel
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The record
RTX reported Raytheon's 2024 net sales at $26.7 billion, so I'd call that an overstatement.
The Reel
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The record
The designation is written AN/SPY-6. I left the on-screen spelling in the transcript.
The Reel
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The record
Raytheon sold its cybersecurity, intelligence and services business in 2024, so that part is out of date.
The Reel
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The record
I'd separate these. Fiat describes all dollars, including bank balances and coins, not just paper. The BEP prints the paper notes, and the US Mint makes the coins.
The Reel
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The record
More precisely, the order comes from the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the notes' issuing authority.
The Reel
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The record
Right. The Board says replacing unfit notes has been the main driver in recent years.
The Reel
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The record
The droplets don't glow. They show up because a lamp lights them, usually from the side against a dark background.
The Reel
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The record
Only charged particles leave tracks directly. Uncharged radiation such as gamma rays and neutrons shows up only through charged particles it knocks loose.
The Reel
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The record
This is read from track length and thickness and, when a magnet is used, from how the tracks curve. A plain chamber gives only rough clues.
The Reel
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The record
C.T.R. Wilson invented the cloud chamber in 1911 and shared the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for it.
The Reel
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The record
How the vapor becomes supersaturated. Wilson used a sudden expansion of moist air. Many modern demo chambers are diffusion chambers using alcohol over a very cold plate.
The Reel
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The record
Scratching mainly pulls off worn outer claw layers to expose fresh ones. It conditions the claws more than it sharpens them.
The Reel
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The record
Tigers do have glands between their toes, but researchers say little is known about what those secretions signal. 'Unique markers' from the paws is not established.
The Reel
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The record
A tiger's best-documented scent mark is marking fluid sprayed onto trees and bushes. Tigers also mark with ground scrapes and droppings.
The Reel
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The record
Marks are thought to advertise presence, territory and breeding status to other tigers. 'Dominance' and 'strength' go further than the studies I found.
The Reel
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The record
Helping tigers avoid each other is a commonly proposed function of marking. It hasn't been measured for claw marks specifically.
The Reel
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The record
On pipeline projects, blasting mostly breaks bedrock so a trench can be dug for new pipe. It isn't mainly used on the pipeline itself.
The Reel
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The record
None of my sources describe blasting as a normal way to remove old pipe. Retired lines are usually dug out or left in place.
The Reel
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The record
Pipeline blasting plans call for machines such as rippers and rock hammers first, with explosives only where rock can't be dug economically.
The Reel
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The record
'Controlled' in practice means written blasting plans, surveys of nearby buildings and wells, vibration monitoring and blasting mats.
The Reel
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The record
Gas-pressure rock breaking does exist (see Gas Blasting), but the blasting plans I found list commercial explosives fired by delay detonators.
The Reel
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The record
Many motherboard chips are ball grid arrays (BGAs) with solder balls hidden underneath, not pins. Their joints can't be inspected by eye.
The Reel
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The record
A general-purpose heat gun is too crude for most boards. Rework stations use a controlled hot-air nozzle, often with a preheater warming the board from below.
The Reel
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The record
Flux goes on before heating, to help the old solder melt and flow. It isn't only used for cleanup.
The Reel
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The record
Too much heat or scrubbing with the wick can tear pads off the board. Those pads then need repair.
The Reel
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The record
This work has an industry standard, IPC-7711/7721, which covers hot-air reflow, pad prep and fixing bridges and cold joints.
The Reel
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The record
Lockheed Martin designed and built the D5 for the U.S. Navy. The UK buys the missile under the Polaris Sales Agreement and draws from a shared pool at Kings Bay, Georgia. It does supply its own warheads.
The Reel
“submarine-launched ballistic missile”
The Reel
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The record
The Navy lists 4,000 nautical miles (about 7,360 km). The Reel's 'exceeding 7,400 km' matches some published estimates, but range depends on payload and sources differ.
The Reel
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The record
The D5 entered service in 1990 and is carried by U.S. Ohio-class (20 each) and British Vanguard-class (16 each) submarines.
The Reel
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The record
The missile is pushed out of its tube by expanding gas, and its rocket motors fire only after it breaks the surface.
The Reel
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The record
The white-lipped island pit viper is Trimeresurus insularis itself, and the blue snakes are a color morph of that species, not a subspecies. (T. insularis was once a subspecies of T. albolabris, then raised to a full species in 2001.)
The Reel
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The record
The blue morph is reported mainly from Komodo and Padar. Flores animals are described as green or yellow, and the species as a whole ranges across the Lesser Sundas and eastern Java.
The Reel
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The record
The species is known from more than a dozen islands, and the IUCN calls it probably the most often seen snake where it occurs.
The Reel
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The Reel
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The record
Pit viper venom does begin breaking down tissue, but 'digests' oversimplifies. None of my sources detail this species' venom, beyond the IUCN noting frequent snakebites on Bali.
The Reel
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The record
I found no source for this figure. In one 1942 study, the final strike was judged to come from about 30-40 ft, after the bird dropped in stages.
The Reel
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The record
Ospreys have sharp raptor eyesight, but none of my sources describe vision specially tuned to underwater movement.
- Overstated'Success rate among the highest... in just a few attempts'
DD-629 Flying Fishermen III
NatureThe Reel
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The record
Success varies widely. Cornell gives at least 1 in 4 dives and up to about 70% across studies, and one Mexican study averaged 2.4 dives per catch.
The Reel
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The record
The reversible toe gives a two-in-front, two-behind grip that most hawks lack, and the 'spicules' are barbed pads on the soles.
The Reel
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The record
Ospreys dive feet-first and catch fish only about half a meter below the surface, so they hunt near the top of the water.
The Reel
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The record
A single commercial fan uses hundreds. HYPERVSN's Solo M has 672 (4 x 168), and the SmartV Solo M has 864 (4 x 216). Only multi-fan walls reach thousands.
The Reel
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The record
These are rotating LED (persistence-of-vision) displays, not holograms. Real holography rebuilds light waves using interference, a method Dennis Gabor invented in 1947.
The Reel
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The record
A single fan draws a flat image on the plane of its blades. The depth comes from shaded artwork and a dark background.
The Reel
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The record
The timing comes from the controller tracking the rotor's angle and firing each LED at set positions, many times per second (about 670 rpm on HYPERVSN units).
The Reel
“Persistence of vision”
The record
Is the popular name. Vision scientists usually describe the blending as flicker fusion, the eye merging flashes too fast to separate. (HoloFans II makes the same point.)
The Reel
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The record
The domes are mostly about protecting the neighborhood, keeping dust and noise in, more than protecting the project from the weather.
The Reel
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The record
They aren't sealed balloons. Fans run continuously to keep the inside air pressure slightly higher than outside. Membranes are often PVDF-coated fabric, usually with steel cables.
The Reel
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The record
I found no cost comparison. A dome covers a whole site, while scaffolding does a different job, so the Reel's comparison is unsupported.
The Reel
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The record
Officials describe the domes as reusable and easy to take down, but these are large engineered structures, not quick pop-ups.
The Reel
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The record
On contaminated land, some domes are kept at lower pressure inside so polluted air can't leak out, with exhaust filtered first (as at a 2016 Beijing soil-cleanup site).
The Reel
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The record
Well-cured concrete is fairly stable in seawater, but fresh concrete is strongly alkaline, so guidelines call for clean, cured material.
The Reel
“Concrete blocks”
The record
In the footage are hollow cinder blocks. Reef guidelines generally treat these as a poor material on their own, because they're light, break easily and can scatter or be buried in storms.
The Reel
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The record
That depends on design. Loose blocks and purpose-built reef modules can perform very differently.
The Reel
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The record
Artificial reefs add hard habitat, but they don't replace lost natural reefs, and results vary by location and design.
The Reel
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The record
Whether artificial reefs produce new fish or mainly attract existing ones is still debated. Gathering fish together can also make them easier to overfish.
The Reel
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The record
Hailstones grow mainly by colliding with supercooled liquid drops that freeze onto them, starting from a seed of ice, snow or dust. They don't simply freeze where they are.
The Reel
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The record
NSSL notes the clear and cloudy layers come from changing temperature and water conditions in the storm, not just from repeated trips up and down.
The Reel
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The record
Hail falls when the updraft can no longer hold its weight, so stronger updrafts (especially supercells) make bigger hail.
The Reel
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The record
True, and the U.S. record is 8.0 inches across (Vivian, South Dakota, July 23, 2010).
The Reel
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The record
In the U.S. alone, insurers count hail as a major part of severe-storm losses that run to tens of billions of dollars a year. Spelling: 'hailstones' is one word.
The Reel
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The record
The Reel calls them high-altitude; most of the vapor travels in the lower atmosphere, within a few kilometers of the surface.
The Reel
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The record
Correct, but it is a 2009 estimate (86.1 ± 8.1 billion) from the brains of four adult men, not an exact count.
The Reel
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The record
Synapse counts vary enormously by cell type, so this is a rough rule of thumb, not a range every neuron falls within.
The Reel
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The record
A reasonable range of estimates. The neocortex alone has been estimated at about 150 trillion synapses (2003).
The Reel
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The record
Most neurons, about 69 billion, are in the cerebellum, not the cerebral cortex (about 16 billion).
The Reel
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The record
Synapse counts alone don't measure what a brain can do. How the connections are organized and how strong they are matters too.
The Reel
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The record
Scientists say 'eruption column' or 'ash plume', not 'volcanic debris plume'.
The Reel
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The record
Only the biggest eruptions do this (Pinatubo 1991, more than 35 km; Hunga Tonga 2022, about 57 km). Many plumes reach only a few kilometers and can still disrupt air travel, as Eyjafjallajökull's 5-10 km plume did in 2010.
The Reel
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The record
The jet starts on momentum, then keeps rising because it is hotter and lighter than the surrounding air.
The Reel
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The record
Agencies describe mostly short-term irritation (coughing, sore throat, worsening asthma or bronchitis), with people who have heart or lung disease most at risk. Ash also irritates the eyes.
The Reel
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The record
Ash is pulverized rock and volcanic glass, which is why it is so abrasive to jet engines and can stop them mid-flight.
The Reel
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The record
Red Bull's final data give 4 minutes 20 seconds of freefall (and 9 minutes 18 seconds for the whole descent).
The Reel
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The record
The jump was on October 14, 2012, from a capsule launched at Roswell, New Mexico.
The Reel
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The record
The FAI ratified records for exit altitude (38,969.4 m), speed (1,357.6 km/h) and freefall distance (36,402.6 m). The altitude record has since been superseded, and the other two still stand.
The Reel
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The record
The peak was 1,357.6 km/h (843.6 mph), Mach 1.25, reached 50 seconds into the fall. He went supersonic at 34 seconds.
The Reel
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The record
Baumgartner died on July 17, 2025, about four weeks before this Reel was posted, in a motorized paragliding crash in Italy.
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: Died July 17, 2025, aged 56, after losing control of a motorized paraglider over Porto Sant'Elpidio, Italy, according to Reuters and the BBC. The investigating prosecutor later said the crash was caused by human error, with no technical fault found (AP). The FAI lists his 2012 speed and freefall-distance records as current.
The Reel
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The record
Tesla describes a Supercharger station with a diner and drive-in. I found no source saying the restaurant itself is all-electric.
The Reel
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The record
It's in Hollywood, on Santa Monica Blvd., not out on a highway. Tesla's page ties it to the historic Route 66.
The Reel
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The record
It opened on July 21, 2025, is open 24/7, and has 80 V4 Supercharger stalls open to any NACS-compatible EV, not just Teslas.
The Reel
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The record
Two outdoor LED megascreens (Tesla says 66 ft) show movies and clips, with audio through the car or the Tesla Diner app.
The Reel
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The record
The Optimus robot serving popcorn on opening day was reported to be operated remotely by a person, not working on its own.
The Reel
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The record
The figure is 240,000 cubic meters per day, a volume. At typical soil densities that's well over 200,000 tonnes.
The Reel
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The record
Guinness gives 6,600 liters (6.6 m³) per bucket, while other sources say about 15 m³, so 'over 15 cubic meters' is disputed.
The Reel
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The record
Guinness says 94.5 m (310 ft) tall and 220 m (722 ft) long. The Reel's 315 ft and 738 ft match other published figures.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Metric tonnes (Guinness gives 14,196 t), or about 15,600 U.S. short tons.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It digs at RWE's Hambach lignite mine, mostly removing overburden, and has worked there since July 7, 1995. It runs on outside electricity, not its own engine.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This depends on the lamp. Traditional mercury-vapor UV lamps give off a lot of infrared heat. UV LEDs run much cooler.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Often true for thin layers, but thick or heavily pigmented layers cure more slowly, because UV has to get through the material.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
There are two main chemistries. Free-radical acrylates stop curing when the light goes off. Cationic epoxies form an acid and can keep curing afterward ('dark cure').
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The light has to reach the material, so shadowed areas and opaque parts can stay uncured. That's why UV-cured pipe liners use translucent glass fiber.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UV curing usually beats heat-drying, partly because there's little or no solvent to evaporate. But the photoinitiator has to be matched to the lamp's wavelength.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
No one has observed rotifers for millions of years. No males have ever been seen, and genetic evidence suggests asexual descent over many millions of years, but the exact age is an estimate and still debated.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The best-documented dry survival is about 9 years. Older reports of 27 and 59 years are considered less reliable, because contamination couldn't be ruled out.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Many bdelloids live in moss, lichen and soil films that dry out often, which is why drying out is so important to them.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bdelloids have an unusually high share of genes taken from bacteria, fungi and plants (horizontal gene transfer), which keeps being added to.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In 2021 an Adineta rotifer was revived from 24,000-year-old Siberian permafrost. It had been frozen, not dried, and then reproduced by cloning.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In the U.S., methylene chloride consumer paint removers have been banned since November 22, 2019. EPA's April 30, 2024, rule bans all consumer uses and most commercial ones, so it's no longer the active ingredient in 'many commercial paint strippers' going forward.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
EPA says at least 88 people have died from acute methylene chloride exposure since 1980, many while stripping paint or refinishing bathtubs. That's the 'different profile' the Reel doesn't explain.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Methylene chloride mainly soaks into, swells and softens the paint film and loosens it from the surface. It doesn't chemically break the binder down.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Acetone is less toxic in this use, but it's highly flammable and works on fewer coatings, so it's often blended with other solvents.
The Reel
“powerful organic solvents”
The record
Fits both, but they act differently. Methylene chloride lifts cured coatings, while acetone mostly dissolves lacquers, adhesives and some paints.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
185 m is the crest's elevation above sea level. The dam's maximum height is 181 m (about 594 ft).
The Reel
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The record
The last main generator came online in 2012 (Guinness gives July 4, 2012). The dam body was finished in 2006, and the whole project was certified complete in 2020.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Output varies with river flow. The design target is 88.2 TWh, and the record is 111.8 TWh (2020).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
True by installed capacity (22,500 MW). Itaipu held the annual-output record until Three Gorges passed it in 2020.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The dam is also built for flood control and shipping, and about 1.3 million people were relocated for its reservoir (Reuters).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Italy doesn't have a separate paramedic profession. Crews are typically a boat pilot, two healthcare workers and a nurse, plus an emergency doctor for the most serious calls.
- Overstated'Navigate quickly through the narrow waterways'
DD-644 Aquatic Ambulances
Locations · PeopleThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Many canals are too narrow or low for the boats, so patients are often carried by stretcher through the streets to a landing.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The service is SUEM 118 (Italy's emergency number is 118), based at the Ospedale Civile, and it covers the whole lagoon, including islands like Lido, Murano and Burano.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Yes, they have a covered patient cabin and equipment comparable to a land ambulance, including oxygen, a monitor and defibrillator, and stretchers.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Local reporting has put the service at about 18,000 call-outs a year, from a fleet of seven boats with several on standby at a time.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most fissure eruptions are effusive, made of lava fountains, spatter and gas. Significant ash comes mainly when water or more explosive magma is involved.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Fissures don't build one big cone, but spatter can pile up into ramparts and rows of small spatter cones and craters. Laki left more than 130.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Often true, but they can be far longer. Laki's fissure system is about 27 km, and Columbia River basalt feeder dikes reach about 180 km.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Common there, as in Iceland, but fissures also open in rift zones on hot-spot shield volcanoes like Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, which aren't on a plate boundary.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most mid-ocean ridge fissure eruptions happen deep underwater. Iceland is one of the few places where the ridge is above sea level.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Peruvian sources attribute the green to clays and phyllites rich in iron and magnesium. BBC Mundo also mentions copper oxide, but neither source mentions copper sulfates.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Peru's tourism inventory lists Vinicunca at 5,036 m, and its top viewpoint at over 5,200 m. 'Over 5,000 m (16,400 ft)' is right.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The famous one is Vinicunca. Other colorful peaks nearby, such as Palccoyo, are also marketed as rainbow mountains.
The Reel
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The record
The yellow layers are sandstones rich in sulfur minerals, the white is quartz sandstone and marl, and the brown is magnesium-rich fanglomerate.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The sediments are roughly 65 to 2 million years old, and their colors come out as the exposed minerals oxidize and weather.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The step is traditional, but the name 'Kazotsky Kick' is best known from the game, not from folk tradition.
The Reel
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The record
The game made the name a meme, but Cossack squat dances were already well known worldwide from folk ensembles and stage performances.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The taunt was added on July 2, 2015, in the Gun Mettle Update. It's a group taunt for all classes that other players can join.
- Missing context'Kicking one leg forward while balancing on the other'
DD-647 Kazotsky Kick
Media · HistoryThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Accurate for the common step. Folk-dance guides add that the back stays straight and the dancer stays on the balls of the feet.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I found no study showing body hair reduces mosquito bites. A 1976 lab study found forearm hair density explained very little about which person mosquitoes chose.
- Missing contextThe evidence for hair as a 'defense' comes from bed bugs
DD-648 Hair Barrier
Nature · ScienceThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2011 Sheffield study found unshaved arms made bugs search longer and helped people notice them.
The Reel
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The record
Mosquitoes land and probe between hairs. Their choice of person is driven mainly by carbon dioxide, heat and skin odor.
The Reel
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The record
Hairs are touch-sensitive, and the bed bug study showed better detection of crawling insects. I found no study testing whether hair helps people sense a mosquito before it lands.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
For mosquitoes, no measurable protection has been shown at all, so 'partial' overstates the evidence.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Plasma is transparent and can't be seen directly. Researchers make it visible with injected fluorescent tracers such as FITC-dextran.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Only mammals have platelets. Fish, amphibians and birds, often used for transparent-tissue imaging, have nucleated thrombocytes instead.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Watching red blood cells move doesn't need anything advanced. Malpighi saw capillaries in a frog's lung in 1661, and simple bright-field microscopes show flow in thin, transparent tissue.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Confocal imaging only works near the surface. Two-photon microscopy is the usual way to image deeper into living tissue with less light damage.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Despite the name 'Blood Watch', the Reel is about microscopy, not a wearable device.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In lateral undulation, snakes push sideways against bumps, twigs and branches. On a smooth trunk it doesn't work, which is why concertina is used there.
The Reel
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The record
True, and well studied. Biologists define concertina by gripping with the uphill part before releasing the downhill part.
The Reel
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The record
Concertina climbing is slow and costly in energy, which limits how fast snakes can go up trunks.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A third climbing mode, lasso locomotion, was described in 2021 in brown tree snakes climbing smooth poles too wide for concertina.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
On vertical cylinders like trunks and poles, concertina is the standard mode. On branches with plenty of footholds, undulation is more common.
The Reel
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The record
You only see half the circle when the sun is on the horizon. The higher the sun, the less of the circle shows, and when the sun is above about 42°, none of it does.
The Reel
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The record
The circle is a set of directions centered on the antisolar point. You only see the parts where there are raindrops lit by the sun along those directions.
- Missing context'From high vantage points... the entire circle'
DD-651 Around the Rainbow
Science · NatureThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This needs sunlit drops below you as well, and the sun behind you. Full rings are most often seen from aircraft, or from high above spray or rain.
The Reel
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The record
Correct. The primary bow involves two refractions and one internal reflection in each drop, which is why red is on the outside.
The Reel
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The record
The small colored rings sometimes seen around a plane's shadow on cloud are a glory, a different optical effect from a full-circle rainbow.
The Reel
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The record
NASA gives McCandless's maximum distance as about 320 ft (about 98 m), so 'up to 100 meters' is close.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Robert L. Stewart also flew untethered on the same spacewalk, using the same MMU after McCandless.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The MMU's thrusters were nitrogen jets commanded by hand controllers. 'Hand operated thrusters' blurs that.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The MMU did help with satellite retrieval, catching two stranded satellites on STS-51A in November 1984, but that was its last flight.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A NASA image page dates the famous photo to February 12, 1984, but NASA's mission history and other NASA pages give February 7.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Starlings don't keep a 'set distance'. Each tracks a fixed number of neighbors (about six or seven), whatever the distance (Ballerini et al., 2008).
The Reel
“communication about good feeding grounds”
The record
Is only a hypothesis. The best-supported explanation is protection from predators.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2017 citizen-science study found larger, longer murmurations when raptors were around, and little support for the idea that birds gather to keep warm.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Murmurations mostly happen on autumn and winter evenings, before the birds roost.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Waves ripple away from an attacking falcon, and more waves were linked to fewer successful attacks (Procaccini et al., 2011).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Mineral filters (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) mainly absorb UV and reflect only about 4-5% (Cole et al., 2016). 'Block' is fine, but they aren't reflectors.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Untreated skin doesn't really 'reflect UV' strongly. It reflects some UV, which is more than sunscreen-covered skin does, so it looks lighter by comparison.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In long UVA and visible light, mineral filters mostly reflect, which is why thick mineral sunscreen can look white.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UV imaging is used in research to show where sunscreen was missed. One study found eyelids were missed about twice as often as the rest of the face.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UV cameras also make skin pigmentation, such as freckles, stand out more than normal photos do.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's 'cube-shaped' only roughly, at about 13.1 m high, 12.8 m long and 11.03 m wide.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Kaaba has been rebuilt several times, and its present granite structure largely dates from a 1629 reconstruction.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The embroidery is silver thread plated with gold (with some silver thread), on black natural silk, and the Kiswah is replaced each year.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'Great Mosque' is the Masjid al-Haram, also called the Sacred Mosque or Grand Mosque.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
During Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims perform tawaf, walking around the Kaaba seven times counterclockwise from the Black Stone in its eastern corner.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Hajwala and tafheet are illegal on public roads in Saudi Arabia, with fines up to SR60,000, impoundment, possible jail and confiscation.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Drifting is linked to serious crashes. In 2016, Al Arabiya cited Saudi traffic authorities saying about 20 people a day died from speeding, drifting or reckless driving.
The Reel
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The record
The culture took shape on Riyadh's city avenues as much as on 'desert highways', according to Menoret's fieldwork.
The Reel
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The record
Sometimes they're rented or stolen, which Saudi law addresses specifically, and some stunts, like driving on two wheels, go beyond drifting.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Water and yield gains are real but often quoted from vendors. NASA Spinoff's '98% less water' and '45-75% higher yields' come from NASA and the company, not independent trials.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Many 'aeroponic towers' pump solution to the top and let it spray or trickle down. True high-pressure aeroponics uses a fine mist.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Towers suit leafy greens and herbs best. Staple crops like grains aren't practical in them.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Indoor vertical farms need a lot of energy for lighting and climate control, and that's their main economic weakness (NCAT).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Big vertical-farming firms have struggled. AeroFarms filed for Chapter 11 in 2023, and Bowery shut down in November 2024.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I found no source naming a 'Hongshui River'. Chinese sources put the scenic area on the Hongjia River (Hongjiahe) reservoir created by the 2002 Shiziguan hydropower dam.
The Reel
“hundreds of interconnected pontoons”
The record
Isn't documented. Official accounts describe plastic floats under pine joists and planks, anchored underwater.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Scenic-area material says 400 m, while the official accident investigation says 318 m.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A van fell from the bridge on May 16, 2023, and five people died. The scenic area closed and reopened on December 28, 2024.
The Reel
“is a stunning engineering”
The record
Is missing a word, and the 'liquid glass' feel comes from the deck rising and falling under vehicles.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Tree of Prosperity is at Wynn Macau (the peninsula resort), not Wynn Palace in Cotai.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The leaves are 24-karat gold leaf and brass leaf over a structure, not leaves 'made of 24 karat gold'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I found no source linking a 'Kevin McCurdy' to the tree. Trade press credits McLaren Engineering (mechanics), Show Canada (fabrication) and Stage Technologies (automation). Roger Thomas led Wynn's interior design.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
No source gives 'over HKD 2 billion' for the installation. For scale, that's about US$257 million.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The tree is one of two alternating Rotunda shows, and a Dragon of Fortune show was added in 2010.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
183 acres (some reports say 185) is the whole campus, not the size of the temple building.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The stone was carved by artisans in India, dry-fitted there, then shipped about 8,000 miles to New Jersey and assembled, so it wasn't carved on site.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The list is incomplete. Reports cite Bulgarian and Turkish limestone, marble from Italy, Greece and Turkey, granite from India and China, and Indian sandstone.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2021 federal lawsuit alleged forced labor and pay of about $1.20 an hour, and BAPS says the artisans were volunteers. Twelve plaintiffs withdrew in 2023, and the case resumed after a federal probe closed in 2025.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 2011 study describes rafts floating 'for days'. Researchers have said they can last up to about three weeks, but most start falling apart after about a week.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Trapped air isn't only between the bottom ants. Each ant holds a thin film of air (a plastron), which also lets the bottom layer breathe.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
About half the ants form the bottom layer. Rafts grow because ants on top walk to the edge and get trapped there, not through deliberate 'repair'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The studied raft-builder is the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), native to Brazil and invasive in the US and elsewhere.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
They link with their jaws (mandibles) and claws on their feet (tarsi), and those links let the raft flex rather than break.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Guinness gives the animation as 60 seconds. The 1:33 YouTube running time includes titles and credits.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The molecules were moved by an STM at about -268 °C (5 K). The cold keeps them in place.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Each frame is 45 by 25 nanometers, and the surface was magnified more than 100 million times.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
IBM made it as outreach for atomic-scale data storage research, which in 2012 stored one bit in 12 atoms.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A half-moon is a basin with a curved earth bank (a bund) on the downslope side, open uphill, not just a 'depression'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
FAO describes semi-circular bunds as a modern technique, not a traditional one. The best-known early example is from Niger in the 1980s.
The Reel
“a few meters wide”
The record
Fits small crop and tree designs (about 2 m radius). Rangeland designs are much larger, with a 6-20 m radius.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Half-moons don't guarantee 'productive grasslands'. Results depend on rainfall, seeding and grazing control, and a remote-sensing study found mixed results.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In Arusha and Manyara the work is organized by Justdiggit with LEAD Foundation, Trias and Maasai communities, and they report more than 50,000 bunds.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The slats don't move in one 'continuous sequence'. All of them push the load rearward together, then each third retracts on its own while the other two-thirds hold the load by friction.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The slats sit side by side in three alternating groups and are sealed against each other. They slide independently rather than locking together.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The slats are driven by hydraulic cylinders under the floor, which the Reel doesn't mention.
The Reel
“WALKING FLOOR”
The record
Is a KEITH Manufacturing trademark (since 1973). Generic terms are moving floor or live floor.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The system is mostly built into semi-trailers, though some rigid trucks use it too.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Kangina are small sealed vessels (two mud-and-straw bowls joined with mud), each holding about 1 kg, not storage buildings.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Accounts describe putting fresh grapes straight into dry bowls. None of my sources mention cleaning or drying them first.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The airtight mud seal keeps air and moisture out. The vessels are then kept in a cool, dry place, so the cool storage spot also matters.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It works best with thick-skinned, late-season Taifi grapes and can keep them fresh for up to about six months (October to March).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The practice is centered north of Kabul (Shomali Plain, Kalakan), where vendors sell kangina grapes all winter.
The Reel
“The UK is rolling out a new digital ID system... called the GOV.UK Wallet”
The record
These were two projects. GOV.UK Wallet is an optional app for government documents. The national digital ID announced in September 2025 was a separate plan, and it was cancelled on July 21, 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The national digital ID programme was cancelled on July 21, 2026. GOV.UK Wallet, One Login and digital credentials such as the Veteran Card and driving licence continue, according to the government's September 2026 response.
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: The national digital ID programme was cancelled on July 21, 2026. In its September 2026 response to the Home Affairs Committee, the government said GOV.UK One Login, GOV.UK Wallet and digital credentials (Veteran Card, driving licence) continue as separate projects. Employers must still do right-to-work checks, but they won't have to be digital.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Veteran Card was first. The digital driving licence was announced as coming next, so 'stores driving licences' was ahead of events when the Reel was posted.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The government said every government-issued credential should be available in the Wallet by the end of 2027, but its announcement didn't specifically name passports.
- Missing context'Keep data on users' devices and can be revoked remotely'
DD-667 Digital ID
Tech · PeopleThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The technical documents say credentials are tied to the user's account and device and can be revoked by the issuer. Critics' concerns about the national ID were about mission creep and surveillance, not the Wallet app itself.
The Reel
“Stick walking”
The record
And 'long wooden staffs... as walking sticks': the footage and sources show stilts. Young men stand on tall wooden poles strapped to their feet, sometimes about three meters high.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The stilt-walkers are mainly boys and young unmarried men, not men in general.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Partly. DW also describes stilts as a herding skill for watching animals and avoiding snakes, and they're now often performed for tourists.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Banna live in the Lower Omo Valley itself, around the market town of Key Afer in the South Omo Zone.
The Reel
“Symbolic practice that reflects balance, pride, and cultural identity”
The record
Accounts describe it as a rite of passage and festival performance, but explanations of its origins vary.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
More precisely, it loses its ferromagnetism, the ability to be strongly magnetized. Many iron objects below the Curie point aren't permanent magnets at all.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Alignment happens within domains. A piece of iron only makes a net field when its domains are mostly lined up, as in a magnetized bar.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Curie temperature is about 770 °C for iron, 358 °C for nickel and about 1,115 °C for cobalt.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Correct. Above the Curie point the material is only weakly attracted to a magnet, which is why the glowing piece in the footage doesn't jump up.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's named after Pierre Curie, whose 1895 thesis studied magnetism at different temperatures. The title's 'Point Curie' is my stylized title.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
More precisely, it carries air down as a silvery film held by the hairs on its abdomen and legs, then releases it into the bell.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The bell works as a physical gill. Oxygen diffuses in from the water, which a 2011 study found could meet a resting spider's needs.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Nitrogen slowly leaks out, so the bell shrinks and has to be topped up, though the spider can stay down for more than a day.
- Confirmed'Only known spider that lives almost entirely underwater'
DD-670 Argyroneta Aquatica
Nature · ScienceThe Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This is how it's generally described. Some other spiders dive briefly to hunt or hide, but don't live underwater.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's written Argyroneta aquatica, with only the genus capitalized and both words in italics.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The oldest known gyotaku is dated to 1839, in the late Edo period, so 'mid-19th century' is about right.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The early prints were records made by samurai anglers in the Shōnai domain, where fishing was encouraged as training, not by commercial fishermen.
The Reel
“Covering a freshly caught fish with ink... then pressing paper”
The record
That's the direct method. In the indirect method, damp washi is molded onto the fish first and color is dabbed on with a tanpo.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Researchers have used historical gyotaku as records of fish species and sizes.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Turning Point USA was co-founded in June 2012 by Kirk, then 18, and businessman Bill Montgomery.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He was born on October 14, 1993, in Arlington Heights, Illinois, and raised in nearby Prospect Heights.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel uses the past tense but doesn't say why. Kirk was killed on September 10, 2025, at age 31, while speaking at a TPUSA event at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
He was the host (not 'a host') of The Charlie Kirk Show, a daily radio program on Salem's network from October 2020 and a top podcast. Production has continued since his death.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
His widow, Erika Kirk, was elected CEO and chair of Turning Point USA on September 18, 2025 (Reuters).
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: Deceased (killed September 10, 2025, at age 31). Turning Point USA is led by his widow, Erika Kirk, as CEO and chair. The accused, Tyler Robinson, was ordered on September 1, 2026, to stand trial on seven counts including aggravated murder and has pleaded not guilty. A pretrial conference to set trial dates is scheduled for October 23, 2026, in Utah's 4th District Court in Provo, and no trial date has been set yet (KSL, Daily Herald, Oct 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Wall isn't 'a section of the Second Temple'. It's part of the retaining wall around Herod's enlarged Temple Mount platform, as the Reel's own next sentence says.
The Reel
“Western Wall”
The record
(Hebrew HaKotel HaMa'aravi, 'the Kotel') is the more common name. 'Wailing Wall' is an older European name, and in Arabic it's al-Buraq Wall.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Herod the Great began the Temple Mount expansion that produced this wall around 19 BCE, about 90 years before the Romans destroyed the Temple in 70 CE.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The full western wall runs about 488 m, and about 19 m is exposed above the plaza. Only the lower courses are Herodian; the upper layers came later.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Wall is the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray, because prayer on the Temple Mount above is restricted. The adjoining compound (Haram al-Sharif) is also holy to Muslims.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
B'nai B'rith founded the ADL in Chicago in autumn 1913, with attorney Sigmund Livingston as its first leader (Wikipedia).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Wikipedia ties the founding to the contested 1913 murder conviction of Leo Frank, a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta who was later lynched (1915).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ADL was part of B'nai B'rith until 2009, when it became an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit. It's headquartered in New York City.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In October 2025 the ADL removed a 'protect civil rights' passage from its website, which it called routine content review (JTA). Its October 1, 2025 statement put its 'core purpose' as protecting the Jewish people (ADL).
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: Active 501(c)(3) nonprofit headquartered in New York, led by CEO Jonathan Greenblatt. Its formal FBI partnership was ended by FBI Director Kash Patel's October 2025 announcement. In remarks reported in early 2026, Greenblatt said the ADL still shares intelligence on extremists with the FBI (IBTimes UK, Mar 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ADL is contested from several directions. In 2025 it took down its extremism glossary after conservative criticism, and the FBI announced it was cutting ties (The Guardian, Al Jazeera). Critics on the left accuse it of conflating criticism of Israel with antisemitism, which it disputes.
The Reel
“therapeutic qualities”
The record
Is a tourism claim. I found no rigorous medical evidence for it, and this case gives no health advice.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most springs discharge from a shallow, increasingly saline limestone aquifer. That aquifer is largely recharged by the deep Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, whose paleowater is about 4,300-14,200 years old (Hydrogeology Journal, 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The oasis has about 200 springs. One study counts 226, so 'over 200' is reasonable but varies by source.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Siwa is a closed basin, so excess drainage water has expanded the salt lakes from about 23 km² (1990) to about 61 km² (2020), causing waterlogging and soil salinization.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The deep 'fossil' water is non-renewable, and modeling projects 30-40 m of drawdown by 2100 at current pumping rates (Hydrogeology Journal, 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The standard term is 'cured-in-place pipe' (no hyphen before 'pipe'). The Reel's 'steam or, UV light' should read 'steam, or UV light'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The liner is jointless, but side connections have to be reopened from inside after curing, usually with robotic cutters.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Curing can release chemical vapors. A 2017 Purdue-led study found styrene and other compounds in steam-curing plumes (ES&T Letters).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UV curing generally needs translucent glass-fiber liners. Felt liners are usually cured with hot water or steam.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Eric Wood first used the method in London in 1971, and it was commercialized as Insituform.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Depending on the city, flushing and flow tests are often done by the water utility, not firefighters. In New York City, DEP carries out hydrant flow tests (NYC311).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The FDNY's twice-yearly hydrant inspection checks that the hydrant works, flushing its barrel. That's separate from main flushing and formal flow testing (FDNY Engine Ops).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
New York State rules require hydrants to be inspected and tested at least every three years, one-third each year, using AWWA M17 methods.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The brown water is mostly sediment and iron deposits stirred up from the mains, not just 'stagnant water'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
ATL isn't just 'one of' the busiest. It was No. 1 in the world by passengers in 2025, with 106.3 million (ACI World).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
By aircraft movements, Chicago O'Hare ranked first in 2025, so ATL doesn't lead on takeoffs (ACI World).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
ATL's 2025 traffic fell 1.6% from 2024, while Dubai and Tokyo Haneda grew and narrowed the gap.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Besides its two terminals (Domestic and Maynard H. Jackson Jr. International), most gates are on seven concourses linked by an underground train.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
ATL is Delta Air Lines' main hub and is named for Atlanta mayors William B. Hartsfield and Maynard Jackson. Its traffic is mostly domestic (ACI says 80-95% at the four mainly-domestic US hubs in the top 20).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The EPA's 2007 review of 36 studies found no consistent, reproducible effects on amphibian gonadal development. Hayes's lab studies (2002, 2010) did find them.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The key results come from lab-raised African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Effects were reported at 0.1 ppb (2002), and at 2.5 ppb about 10% of genetic males became functional females (2010).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2010 review (Rohr & McCoy) found fairly consistent sublethal effects on fish and amphibians, such as on metamorphosis and immune measures, but not consistent mortality at environmental concentrations.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The EU hasn't approved atrazine since 2004. The US still registers it, and the EPA's 2024 aquatic level of concern is 9.7 µg/L, based on effects on aquatic plants.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'feminizing' fits the 2010 sex-reversal result, but the research is about hormones and gonads, not frog behavior or 'orientation', as some online claims put it.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Katakai says its 4-shaku shell climbs to about 800 m, well above 'more than half a kilometer'. The 2014 Kounosu record shell reached 907 m to the top of its burst.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Katakai's 1985 shell (418 kg) held the Guinness record, but a 464.826 kg shell launched at Kounosu, Saitama, in 2014 holds it now.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Katakai gives about 420 kg (about 925 lb), so 'nearly 900 lbs' slightly undersells it.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'yonshakudama' means '4-shaku shell'. A shaku is about 30 cm, which is where the 120 cm size comes from.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Katakai's fireworks are shrine offerings launched every September 9-10 in Ojiya, Niigata, and families or businesses sponsor individual shells.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Black bears lower it by only about 5-6 °C, cycling between about 30 and 36 °C. The big drop is in metabolism, to about 25% of basal (Tøien et al., 2011).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Walking hibernation lasts about 2-3 weeks, when bears voluntarily eat and drink less (North American Bear Center).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bears in closed dens go months without eating, drinking or excreting, but mothers in open dens may lick meltwater, eat snow and clean up after cubs.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The pale bear in the footage isn't identified. The physiology figures come from wild black bears (Alaska) and brown bears (Sweden).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's about 6 m across at the base and 4 m at its narrowest (scenic-area figures).
The Reel
“defies earthquakes”
The record
Comes from tourism and media sources. I found no independent record of specific earthquakes it survived.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Its stability is attributed to horizontal, strong Triassic limestone beds, not to defying gravity.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In Chinese it's Yizhuxiang ('one stick of incense'), a name tied to a Tujia legend about a gift from a deity.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sources differ ('over a thousand years' vs 'tens of millions of years'). The rock is Triassic, but the pillar's age as a landform isn't documented.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The footage shows a sea turtle, but absorbing oxygen through the cloaca is mainly a trait of some freshwater turtles, such as Australia's Fitzroy River turtle. Sea turtles rely on lung air.
The Reel
“s line 'allow them underwater”
The record
The Reel's line 'allow them underwater' is missing a verb ('allow them to stay underwater').
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sea turtles can make single breath-hold dives of over 10 hours (review by Hochscheid).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Fitzroy River turtle's wild dives averaged about 33 minutes and reached 623 minutes, and hatchlings got 63-73% of their oxygen from water.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Aquatic breathing works best in cool, oxygen-rich water. In warm summer water the Fitzroy River turtle depends on air.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A common adult length is about 2 m. 'Over 10 ft' (3 m+) is at the extreme end of the 4.5 m maximum FishBase lists, and very large records are poorly documented.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's an obligate air-breather that has to surface about every 5-15 minutes, which also makes it easy to harpoon and overfish.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It feeds mainly on fish. Birds and small mammals are occasional prey, not typical.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Arapaima isn't a single species. Stewart (2013) recognized several, including A. leptosoma, so 'the arapaima' and Arapaima gigas aren't strictly the same thing.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The IUCN lists A. gigas as Data Deficient, and wild populations have been heavily fished.
The Reel
“Indian bison”
The record
Is a common name, but the gaur is wild cattle (genus Bos). True bison belong to the genus Bison.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bulls typically stand about 1.6-2.0 m (5.2-6.6 ft) at the shoulder, so '7 ft' is the exceptional top end (CZA studbook).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bulls weigh about 600-1,000 kg (about 1,300-2,200 lb) and cows about 450-800 kg, so the Reel's range describes bulls only.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Gaur also live in Nepal and Bhutan and south to the Malay Peninsula. India holds about 85% of an estimated 13,000-30,000 animals.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The IUCN lists the gaur as Vulnerable. Its domesticated form, the gayal or mithun (Bos frontalis), is kept in northeast India and Myanmar.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The pyramid opened with 2,526 rooms. Luxor's total of about 4,400 includes two 22-story towers added in 1997, so the rooms aren't all 'along the sloped sides'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'elevators on the angled walls' are inclinators, which run diagonally at 39 degrees.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Luxor's sphinx is a stylized, roughly 10-story version, taller than the Great Sphinx at Giza (about 66 ft).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The structure is steel-framed and clad in dark glass. That part is fine, but the Reel leaves out its 30-story count and huge central atrium.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Sky Beam at the apex, the likely 'lux' in the title, isn't mentioned in the Reel.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Counterweight doesn't simply 'shift the center of gravity back'. It adds stabilizing moment, and the crane's tipping line, set by its tracks or outriggers, is just as important.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Too much counterweight can tip a crane backward when the boom is steep and there's no load, so standards require backward-stability checks.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Mobile cranes mostly use cast-iron or steel slabs, as in the footage. Concrete blocks are more typical on tower cranes.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Outriggers widen the base and are central to stability. Most lifting capacity depends on how far they're extended.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Capacity comes from the load chart and falls quickly with radius, so counterweights don't make any load 'safe'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
No document names Leonardo as the designer. Chambord itself says the staircase was 'inspired by' him, and historians treat him as an adviser.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The staircase in the footage is at the Château de Chambord, France, not a standalone 'Leonardo staircase'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Chambord staircase was built after Leonardo died (May 2, 1519). Construction started on September 6, 1519.
The Reel
“several of his helix staircases”
The record
Refers to notebook designs for double and quadruple spirals. There's no record of Leonardo building one himself.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Two people can climb at once without meeting, though they can see each other through the openings in the central core.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Peristaltic flow isn't 'pulseless'. It naturally pulses as each roller lifts off the tube, and designs can only reduce the pulsation.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The tube is a wear part that must be replaced regularly. The tube's material sets the pump's chemical compatibility and pressure limits.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Rollers versus shoes is a real design choice. Shoe pumps usually run tubes filled with lubricant and handle higher pressures.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The fluid touches only the tubing, which is why these pumps suit sterile and corrosive fluids, and switching fluids just means changing the tube.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The design dates back at least to an 1855 US patent, and roller pumps later became common in medical equipment for moving blood.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Domitian built the arch after Titus died in 81 CE, to honor his deified brother. It's dated to around 81-82 CE.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It commemorates the 71 CE triumph after the Judaean War, in which Roman forces destroyed the Second Temple in 70 CE.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's mostly Pentelic marble, and Valadier's 1820s restoration filled missing sections with travertine.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Some opening shots show a three-bay arch (likely the Arch of Septimius Severus or Constantine), not the single-bay Arch of Titus. The relief and vault shots do match.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Colosseum Archaeological Park notes that a separate arch for Titus stood at the Circus Maximus, and the Forum arch may not have served as a triumphal gateway.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The large, cream-white dog with heavy flat cords looks like a Komondor (a livestock guardian), not a Puli (a smaller herder).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The AKC describes the Puli as a sheep herder. Cattle work isn't typical of its documented history.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Cords form naturally from about 10-12 months, but owners still separate and maintain them. Pulik can also be shown brushed out.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Pulik are medium-sized, about 16-17 in and 25-35 lb, in solid black, rusty black, gray or white.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Hungary's other herders include the Pumi and Mudi. The Komondor and Kuvasz are guardians, not herders.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Spotted hyenas aren't mainly scavengers. They kill most of their own food, though they also scavenge and steal (Current Biology; The Conversation).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Hyenas also take kills from lions. In Ngorongoro they won every contest when no adult male lions were present (Trinkel & Kastberger, 2005).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In Etosha, lions caused 71% of recorded hyena deaths over a one-year study.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Hyena clans 'mob' lions as a group, apparently to protect their dens and cubs.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The crater is usually put at about 180 to 200 km across, not 150 km (93 mi).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2024 ruthenium-isotope study in Science concluded the impactor was a carbonaceous asteroid that formed beyond Jupiter.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Scientists call it an 'impact winter', caused mostly by sulfate aerosols and soot blocking sunlight. 'Nuclear winter' is an analogy.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The crater can't be seen. It's buried under about 1 km of sediment, and a ring of cenotes traces its outline. The footage probably doesn't show the crater itself.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
How widespread the 'global wildfires' were is still debated. Soot was clearly produced, but how much burned worldwide is uncertain.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The published estimate is about 13 m (43 ft), with later estimates from about 12.8 to 14.3 m. '42-50 ft' stretches the upper end.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Vasuki indicus (India, about 47 million years ago) was estimated at 10.9 to 15.2 m in 2024, though Titanoboa's vertebrae are slightly larger.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The species is Titanoboa cerrejonensis, named for the Cerrejón coal mine where it was found.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Its size implies a tropical mean annual temperature of about 30 to 34 °C, according to Head et al. (2009).
The Reel
“over a ton”
The record
Matches the 1,135 kg estimate, but mass estimates vary widely because only vertebrae and ribs were found.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A ball's liveliness is capped. In the USGA/R&A test, a sample fails if four or more of 24 balls exceed 255 ft/s (250 ft/s plus 2%).
The Reel
“higher elasticity, greater distance”
The record
Holds only in part. Distance also depends heavily on launch angle, spin and the dimple aerodynamics.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The whole ball compresses, core included, not just the outer layers. Contact lasts well under a millisecond.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Clubfaces are limited too. Drivers have a separate 'springiness' limit (Characteristic Time), which the USGA is testing more strictly against 'driver creep'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
From January 2028, balls will be distance-tested at a 125 mph clubhead speed, cutting the longest hitters' drives by an estimated 13 to 15 yards (USGA).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Creams and wax polishes do different jobs. Creams condition and recolor, and wax gives shine and some water resistance. 'Polish or cream' isn't one step.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The glossiest 'mirror shine' comes from layering many thin coats of wax with a little water, not from a single buff.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Modern tinned polish was popularized by Kiwi, launched in Melbourne in 1906 by William Ramsay and Hamilton McKellar.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Polish works only on smooth leather. Suede, nubuck and many synthetics need different care.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Shining shoes has long been a paid trade as well as a home routine, from bootblacks to station shoe-shine stands.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Haus des Glockenspiels is on Böttcherstraße in Bremen, not in Rothenburg ob der Tauber.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
There are no life-sized moving figurines. A turning tower shows 10 carved wooden panels.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The panels don't show local festivals or trades. They honor ocean crossers by sea and air, such as Columbus, Lindbergh, and Zeppelin and Eckener.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The bells are made of Meissen porcelain, not metal. They were added in 1934, and the current set has played since 1990.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It doesn't play all day. It plays at 12, 3 and 6 pm from January to March, hourly from 12 to 6 pm from April to December, and not at all in frost.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In many systems the drone doesn't do the de-icing itself. It places a robot on the line that breaks the ice by rolling, knocking or vibration (China Daily, CGTN).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The publicized examples are from China's State Grid, in Shanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei and Anhui, during cold waves in January and February 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't confirm 'directed airflow systems' in the deployments I found, which used insulating rods, impact and rolling robots, and vibration with blades.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Speed figures, such as 20 m in about a minute and 60% faster than manual installation, come from utilities and state media, not independent tests.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Some de-icing is done on ground wires (the shield wires above the conductors), not only on the current-carrying lines.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The image is drawn by LEDs on the plane of the blades. True holography rebuilds light waves using interference.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A single fan makes a flat image that only looks 3D because of the artwork's shading and the invisible blades.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A sensor tracks the blade angle, and the controller fires each LED at exact angular positions, which is how the 'precise sequences' are timed.
The Reel
“persistence of vision”
The record
Is the popular term. Perception researchers describe the effect as flicker fusion and the eye's temporal integration.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Commercial units spin fast and are usually mounted high or behind a guard, because the blades are a contact hazard.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The '272 years' is the low end of the 95% range for the largest shark. The central estimate is 392 ± 120 years (Nielsen et al., 2016).
The Reel
“more than 500 years”
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The dated proteins are in the lens nucleus, which forms before birth. The 1950s-60s nuclear-test 'bomb pulse' helped calibrate the ages.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's the longest-lived vertebrate known. Some invertebrates, such as the ocean quahog clam, live longer.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
DSNY says it brings 'snow to the melters, NOT the melters to the snow'. The units sit at fixed sites and trucks bring the snow to them.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In 2026 the city ran eight melters, each rated at 60 to 120 tons an hour (NY1, CBS).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
They're rarely used. January 2026 was the first time since 2021, after a storm followed by a long freeze.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The water is only about 38 °F. It's warm enough to melt snow, not hot (CBS New York).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't confirm 'diesel burners' or filtering from the 2026 coverage, which says only that meltwater drains into DEP-approved sewers.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sources disagree. Tourism sources cite 75 million years, while a geology write-up dates the sandstone to the Early Cretaceous (about 125-113 million years) and ties 75 Ma to later uplift.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Visitors can't walk across all three rocks. The 'baby whale' can't be reached.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's officially the Phu Sing National Reserved Forest, in Bueng Kan province.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The views reach across the Mekong to the mountains of Laos, which the TAT highlights at sunrise in November.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The rocks are outcrops on a cliff edge, not separate boulders sitting on top.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Published top speeds are about 500 to 550 km/h (about 310 to 340 mph). A CIA assessment gave about 250 knots (about 290 mph), so 'around 300 mph' is a cruise-range figure.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The eight NK-87 turbofans sit on forward pylons or canards beside the nose, angled to blow air under the wings for takeoff.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It was a missile carrier, with six P-270 Moskit (SS-N-22) anti-ship missiles in pairs on its back.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Only one, MD-160, was completed out of eight planned. It has been on a beach at Derbent, Dagestan, since being towed there on July 31, 2020.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Flying low keeps it below a ship's radar horizon for longer, but it isn't stealthy. A craft that big is easy to detect once it's in line of sight.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The penalty depends on how heavy the fouling is. Schultz (2007) modeled up to 86% more shaft power for heavy calcareous fouling, so a 'thin layer' and '20%' aren't fixed figures.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
In-water cleaning can release invasive species and toxic coating debris, which is why the IMO's 2023 guidelines call for capturing debris when removing heavier fouling.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Antifouling coatings and regular 'proactive' cleaning are the main defenses, along with dry-dock cleaning.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Robots and divers don't only work in port. Cleaning location is controlled, and many authorities restrict where uncaptured cleaning is allowed.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The white layers are chalk and the red and brown layers are iron-rich marine sediments, laid down on an ancient sea floor.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
'Bokty' is usually translated as 'pie' in Kazakh, after its layered look.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's a protected site within the Mangystau State Historical and Cultural Reserve, about 90 km from Zhanaozen.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's best known for its trapezoid, 'upturned boat' profile, not just the stripes.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Tourism sources give a height of 165 m, and it rises from a salt flat (sor).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Grand Buddha at Lingshan and Taihu Lake are in Wuxi, Jiangsu. The escalator in the footage is at Lingshan in Shangrao, Jiangxi, a different scenic area.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The escalator wasn't built for Grand Buddha visitors. It replaces a 3-4 hour climb up Shangrao Lingshan's granite peaks.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The line is reported at 1,236 m long with about 256 m of vertical rise, built as 10 sections in 5 groups.
The Reel
“landscaped gardens and temple structures”
The record
Doesn't match the footage, which shows escalators on bare granite cliffs. Shangrao Lingshan does have Taoist and Buddhist sites.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Trial operation began in August 2025. Opening reports followed in October 2025, and 'Asia's longest' is a promotional claim.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The official designation is hyphenated, B-52. The title 'B52 Stratofortress' is kept as written.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It first flew in 1952. Service entry in 1955 is correct, and the last of 744 aircraft was delivered in 1962.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The high-altitude design was later adapted for low-level flight because of Soviet air defenses. Only the B-52H remains in service.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The eight TF33 engines are due to be replaced with Rolls-Royce F130s under CERP, and the upgraded aircraft will be called B-52Js. The Air Force plans to fly them into the 2050s.
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: In US Air Force service as the B-52H. Engine (CERP, Rolls-Royce F130) and radar upgrades toward the B-52J are under way, and the Air Force plans to fly the B-52 into the 2050s. Radar testing paused after the June 15, 2026 test-aircraft crash at Edwards AFB, and a replacement test aircraft was expected by the end of 2026 (DefenseScoop, Jul 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A B-52H radar test aircraft crashed at Edwards AFB on June 15, 2026, killing all eight crew members. As of July 2026 the cause was under investigation (DefenseScoop).
Status as of Oct. 18, 2026: In US Air Force service as the B-52H. Engine (CERP, Rolls-Royce F130) and radar upgrades toward the B-52J are under way, and the Air Force plans to fly the B-52 into the 2050s. Radar testing paused after the June 15, 2026 test-aircraft crash at Edwards AFB, and a replacement test aircraft was expected by the end of 2026 (DefenseScoop, Jul 2026).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It was Wildlife Wonderland in Bass, Victoria, that closed in 2012 and where Rosie was found. She only moved to Crystal World Exhibition Centre in 2019.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sources disagree on 1997 or 1998 for her capture. Crystal World's main page and Newsweek say 1997.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
She wasn't 'largely unnoticed' at first. She was a public attraction at Wildlife Wonderland until the park closed in 2012.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The viral 2018 video brought trespassers who damaged her tank and let toxic formaldehyde fumes escape (Nine News, Newsweek).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
She's no longer kept in formaldehyde. Crystal World replaced it with glycerol after the 2019 rescue.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Pentagon testers (DOT&E) and GAO have reported reliability problems with EMALS, the arresting gear and the weapons elevators. The first full deployment didn't come until 2023.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
CRS puts the electrical gain at about three times the generating capacity of a Nimitz-class carrier.
The Reel
“higher sortie rates”
The record
Is a design target, about 160 sustained and 270 surge sorties a day, roughly 33% above Nimitz.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The class is also designed to need about 700 fewer shipboard crew than a Nimitz carrier.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ship was delivered on May 31, 2017, and commissioned on July 22, 2017, at Naval Station Norfolk.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The US Air Force uses the flying boom, while the US Navy, the Marine Corps, many allied forces and helicopters use probe and drogue. Some tankers carry both.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
With a boom, an operator on the tanker steers the boom into the receptacle. The receiving pilot holds position rather than 'guiding' it in.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The first successful transfer was on June 27, 1923, when two Army DH-4Bs used a 50-foot hose over San Diego (NMUSAF).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It isn't only for 'military planes'. Helicopters and tilt-rotors refuel this way too, and it was used for record flights such as Lucky Lady II's 1949 nonstop trip around the world.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Probe and drogue came from Britain's Flight Refuelling Ltd around 1949, and Boeing developed the flying boom in the late 1940s.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The sea in the eye isn't calmer. The NHC says seas there are near their maximum and come from several directions, which can produce rogue waves.
The Reel
“20 - 40 miles”
The record
Is typical, but eyes range widely. Wilma's eye shrank to about 2 nautical miles in 2005.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The eye is clear because air sinks into it from the top of the eyewall and warms as it descends (NOAA).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
NOAA says winds in the eye usually stay under 15 mph, and an eye usually forms only once sustained winds pass 74 mph.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A passing eye is a temporary lull. The far side of the eyewall brings violent winds again, often from the opposite direction.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Julius Erving did a free-throw-line dunk to win the first dunk contest, at the 1976 ABA All-Star Game. Jordan had also tried one in the 1985 contest.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It was Jordan's second straight title (1987, 1988), and his 50 on the final dunk to beat Dominique Wilkins is still debated.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Observers recall his takeoff foot on or over the line, not 'just inside' it (NBC Sports Chicago oral history).
The Reel
“Air Jordan”
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Metropolis never names a year. The 2026 date comes from the 1963 Ace Books edition of von Harbou's novel, 'The World of 2026 A.D.', and was repeated later, including in Moroder's 1984 version.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Von Harbou's preface says the story happens 'at no particular place or time, neither in the present nor in the future'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Historians Lotte Eisner and Paul M. Jensen placed the story around the year 2000.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The workers don't only toil underground. They also live there, in a 'workers' city' far below the surface.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The film was written by Thea von Harbou with Lang, based on her own 1925 novel.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Open stomata also let water vapor out (transpiration). That's the main route of a plant's water loss and the reason guard cells close in drought.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The drought hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a major trigger for closing the pore, alongside light, CO2 and humidity.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Guard cells open the pore by taking up potassium ions and water and swelling, and close it when they lose turgor.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Stomatal pores cover only about 5% of a leaf's surface when open, yet they control most of its gas exchange (Hetherington & Woodward, 2003).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The field is usually called 'soft robotics'. 'Soft tissue robotics' isn't a standard term.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Braiding in soft robotics goes back to the McKibben artificial muscle, a bladder inside a braided sleeve, used in early prosthetics research.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The braid angle is what sets the motion. Under pressure, a sleeve shortens or lengthens depending on its fiber angle.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Recent work includes braided bundles of thin McKibben muscles, 3D-printed braided sleeves and twisting muscles made with water-soluble fibers.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel doesn't identify the lab or project shown, and the credit is a reposting account.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Clarity and tufa are linked, but the main point is that the deposits build the dams that form the lakes. Mosses, algae and bacteria drive the deposition, not chemistry alone.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The park and UNESCO call the deposit 'tufa' (porous travertine). It's deposited on lake bottoms as marl and on barriers.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Tufa forms only in clean water, with a pH above 8 and low dissolved organic carbon, which is why protecting the catchment matters.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Plitvice became Croatia's first national park in 1949 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel doesn't say how clear the water is. Clarity varies by lake and season, and the water is described as clear and oligotrophic.
The Reel
“historically low”
The record
The Reel's 'historically low' has deepened since it was posted. Both reservoirs hit new record lows in September and October 2026, with Mead about 26% full.
Status as of Oct. 16, 2026: Lake Mead was at 1,037.43 ft (about 26% full) and Lake Powell at 3,520.02 ft (about 23% full), per Reclamation gauge data compiled by ReservoirBench. New 2027-2028 operating guidelines cut Lower Basin deliveries by 1.25 million acre-feet for 2027.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The old rules expired at the end of 2026. In August 2026, Reclamation adopted a 2027-2036 framework without basin-state consensus and cut 2027 Lower Basin deliveries by 1.25 million acre-feet.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The allocation problem dates to the 1922 Colorado River Compact, which divided the river using unusually wet early-20th-century flows.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Lake Mead and Lake Powell are the two largest U.S. reservoirs, behind Hoover Dam (1935) and Glen Canyon Dam (1963).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Powell is managed to stay above about 3,510 ft to protect Glen Canyon Dam's infrastructure, including its hydropower.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Estimates of wells set on fire range from 605 to 732, while the U.S. government counted 610 burning out of 752 damaged.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most fires were set in late February 1991 as Iraqi forces retreated, though sabotage began in January. The last well was capped on November 6, 1991.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Firefighters from 28 countries put out or capped the wells in about eight months, far sooner than some early predictions.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Unburned oil formed lakes, from more than 100 to over 300 depending on the source, and crusts of 'tarcrete' that contaminated soil for decades.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The toxic pollution included sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides and soot (DoD GulfLINK).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It's the largest operating steam locomotive. Other Big Boys survive, but the other seven are static displays.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Big Boys normally ran between Ogden, Utah, and Cheyenne, Wyoming, crossing the Wasatch range and the Wyoming plateau.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 4-8-8-4 is an articulated design with two engines, each with its own cylinders and eight drivers, under one boiler. The hinged frame lets it take curves.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
No. 4014 was retired in 1961, spent decades on display in Pomona, California, and returned to service in May 2019 after Union Pacific's restoration.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The region is more specific than 'Southeast Asia'. It grows in the Malesian forests, especially Indonesia's Sunda Islands, and the plant is a gourd-family vine.
The Reel
“hundreds of meters”
The record
Depends on launch height and wind. Sources describe 'long distances', and the man-sized glider modeled on it flew about 500 m.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The glide isn't perfectly steady. The seed follows a gently undulating phugoid path and isn't directionally stable.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The seed directly inspired aviation. Ahlborn studied it in 1897, then Igo Etrich built his 1904 glider and the Etrich Taube, first flown in 1910.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Each seed's wings span about 13 cm, which Guinness lists as the world's largest winged seeds.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Robots rarely finish a statue alone. Skilled artisans hand-finish the details and surfaces, which can take months (60 Minutes; Euronews).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The speed claims ('10 times faster', '99% machine') come from Robotor's co-founder, Giacomo Massari.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Robot carving is centered in Carrara, Italy, home of the famous marble, where studios like Robotor carve work for well-known artists.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The practice is debated, and some Carrara sculptors say robot-made work isn't true sculpture.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The arms can be large, like the 4.5-ton, nine-axis robot Bloomberg described. The specific cutting tools vary by studio and weren't independently confirmed.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Southern bluefin tuna are also ranched this way, notably in South Australia, not only Atlantic and Pacific bluefin.
The Reel
“several percent”
The record
Is right. Rations are about 2-10% of the caged biomass a day, highest early and falling to 2-3% near harvest.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Feed conversion is poor, at about 10-20 kg of baitfish per kg gained, because only about 5% of the energy goes into growth (FAO).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Farmers aim for fat content as well as weight. Fattier fish sell for more in sashimi markets.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Because the fish are wild-caught, farms depend on regulated wild quotas (managed by ICCAT for Atlantic bluefin) and on large amounts of wild baitfish.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Algae biofuels aren't commercially competitive yet. ExxonMobil ended its algae program after about $350 million, and other oil majors have also pulled funding.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Open ponds aren't photobioreactors. 'Photobioreactor' means a closed system of tubes, panels or bags.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The footage is credited to Jongerius ecoduna, whose plant in Bruck an der Leitha, Austria, opened in 2018 and produces microalgae for food and supplements, not fuel.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The company says its system moves the culture hydrostatically through vertical glass modules, without pumps. That's a company claim.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Blood Falls at Taylor Glacier (captions at 0.8–4.0 s). Iron-rich, hypersaline, oxygen-free brine emerges and turns red on contact with air.
Sources: Mikucki & Priscu 2007; UAF · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It doesn't flow constantly. Blood Falls releases brine sporadically, and the red stain persists between releases.
Sources: Badgeley et al. 2017; Cambridge · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It isn't simply 'rust'. A 2023 study found no strong evidence of crystalline iron oxide; the red comes from amorphous iron-rich nanospheres that form as the dissolved iron oxidizes.
Sources: Frontiers 2023; Johns Hopkins · full source list
The Reel
“trapped for millions of years”
The record
Estimates range from about 1.5 million years of isolation to a seawater origin about 5 million years ago, and UAF says 'more than 1 million years'.
Sources: NASA Astrobiology; Mikucki & Priscu 2007; UAF · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The wide shots of a towering ice wall and branching red veins across a frozen plain appear dramatized and may be AI-generated or heavily edited. The real feature is a rust-red stain where brine drops 60 to 80 feet to the shore of Lake Bonney.
Sources: the Reel's own frames; Cambridge · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The formal vote for independence came on July 2, 1776 (the Lee Resolution). July 4 is when Congress adopted the Declaration's text.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The parchment Declaration wasn't signed on July 4. Most delegates signed it on August 2, 1776, and 56 eventually did (National Archives).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
New York didn't vote on July 2 and approved independence on July 9, which is when all 13 colonies had approved.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 250th is coordinated nationally by the U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission (America250).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The first printed copies (the Dunlap broadsides) were made on the night of July 4, and 26 are known to survive.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel is about Anduril Industries (captions at 0.8–4.0 s), a U.S. defense tech company founded in 2017 whose Lattice software fuses data from drones, radars and cameras.
Sources: Wikipedia; Wired · full source list
The Reel
“rather than traditional defense procurement models”
The record
What sets Anduril apart is its business model: it develops products with its own money before the Pentagon asks, instead of being paid to build to a requirement. It still sells through government contracts.
Sources: Wired; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
“autonomous military systems”
The record
Undersells it. Anduril also makes weapons, including Roadrunner-M interceptors, Barracuda cruise missiles, Altius loitering munitions and the Fury uncrewed combat jet.
Sources: Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel leaves out the setbacks. The WSJ reported breakdowns and safety issues, including a Navy drone-boat exercise in which more than a dozen Lattice-run boats failed, and civil-liberties groups have criticized its border towers.
Sources: WSJ; Wikipedia · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The credit reads 'Source: Anduril', so the footage (launches, intercepts, the Lattice interface) is the company's own promotional material, not independent footage.
Sources: the Reel's own frames · full source list
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Authorship is traditionally attributed to Homer, but who Homer was is debated. The poem is generally dated to around the late 8th or early 7th century BCE.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The journey home takes ten years, but Odysseus is away for twenty in total, counting the Trojan War.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Sirens' song is deadly only because it lures sailors to their deaths. Odysseus hears it safely, tied to the mast while his crew's ears are plugged with wax.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The second half of the poem is set in Ithaca, where Odysseus defeats the suitors pursuing Penelope.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel was posted on July 18, 2026, the day after Christopher Nolan's film adaptation opened in U.S. theaters.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 30-50% fat range applies to baleen whales. Toothed whales and dolphins produce milk with about 10-30% fat (Oftedal, 1997).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Whale milk is among the richest, but some seals, such as the hooded seal, produce milk with an even higher fat content.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Whales have no external nipples. The teats sit inside mammary slits and emerge when the calf nuzzles, and calves may curl their tongues to channel the milk.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Camera tags on humpbacks showed nursing bouts averaging about 23 seconds, at depths from about 12 to 200 feet (NOAA).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The payoff is growth. A blue whale calf can gain up to about 250 pounds a day on more than 50 gallons of milk.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel gives no numbers. The record 2023 season burned about 15 million hectares, more than double the 1989 record of 6.7 million hectares.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The widely shared 18.5 million hectares was a preliminary operational estimate. The revised figure is about 15 million (Jain et al., 2024).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Lightning started 59% of 2023's fires but caused 93% of the area burned. Human-caused fires accounted for about 7%.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
An average Canadian year burns about 2.5 million hectares, so 2023 was roughly six times the norm.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 2023 smoke affected cities more than 1,000 km from the fires, including the U.S. east coast, and more than 200 communities were evacuated.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The ad aired in 1983 for Matsushita Electric's National brand (now Panasonic), and its title was 'Because the Building Is There'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The building was 33 stories, about 140 m, per creative director Tetsuo Hashimoto.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'international awards' are generally described as a Cannes gold. Hashimoto's credits include a Cannes Lions gold, but I didn't find an official award record for this specific spot.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The toy was a modified commercial toy whose original cat face was replaced with a firefighter drawn by a Panasonic staffer.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
At the top, the firefighter puts out a cigarette butt with its hose, which is the payoff the Reel leaves out.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Obsession is a horror film, a monkey's-paw story in which a wish makes Nikki dangerously obsessed. The Reel's 'love story' framing is ironic.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
It was written and directed by Curry Barker and released by Focus Features on May 15, 2026, starring Michael Johnston and Inde Navarrette.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Wikipedia lists it as a 2025 film because of its festival debut, while its U.S. theatrical release came in 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Most details, such as 'hundreds' of missile cities and the missile types stored, come from Iranian state media and can't be independently verified.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
During the June 2025 Israel-Iran war, analysts (ISW/CTP) reported Israeli strikes on launch sites and tunnel entrances at several missile bases.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Iran's passive-defense chief said in November 2025 that its underground missile infrastructure was almost entirely intact. The damage remains contested.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Analysts at The War Zone noted that the March 2025 footage appeared to show munitions stored without separating blast doors, a potential vulnerability.
The Reel
“missile cities”
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Volar has flown only as a half-scale, remotely piloted prototype (eight flights in Dubai in November 2021, at about 4 m and 40 km/h). No full-scale aircraft has flown.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Performance figures (220 km/h, 4 to 5 seats, 600 kg takeoff weight) are company targets, and New Atlas questioned their feasibility with current batteries.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 'hidden electric propulsion' is ducted fans. The prototype appeared to have four fixed units and no separate cruise propulsion.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The final aircraft would be about 3.2 m wide, roughly 1.5 m wider than an average car, which works against the 'compact' claim.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bellwether was founded in London in 2019 and announced a propulsion partnership with Schubeler in 2023 for its next prototype, Oryx.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The best-studied system uses the Chinese mitten crab in northeastern China (Panjin, Liaoning), not 'young crabs' across Asia in general.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The crabs are mainly a valuable second crop. Pest and weed control is a side benefit rather than the main purpose.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Studies report weed control and less rice blast, plus about 16.5% less fertilizer nitrogen with similar or slightly higher rice yields.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Stocking density matters, because too many crabs can affect rice and crab yields, so farmers balance the two.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
A 2023 study found rice-crab culture significantly reduced rice blast disease, which the Reel doesn't mention.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Autoloader capacity differs by variant. The NG holds 30 rounds plus 6 on board, while the M21 holds 12 in the autoloader plus 24 stowed. Earlier versions were mounted on KAMAZ trucks.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The concept is similar, but Archer's original version sits on a 6x6 Volvo articulated hauler, not an 8x8 truck.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The performance figures (up to 52 km and 4 rounds per minute) are the manufacturer's (Yugoimport-SDPR) and depend on the ammunition used.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The NG variant ('Perun'), unveiled in 2023, is operated from the cab and is ready to fire in about 60 seconds.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't confirm the 'chain conveyor' detail in the manufacturer's brochures.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Folding uses the elytra and the abdomen. The beetle closes its elytra and moves its abdomen while the elytron's edge guides the folds (Saito et al., 2017).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The veins do more than support. They work like a tape spring, stiff when open and bendable when folded, which helps the wing spring open.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't confirm the specific claim that hindwings are 'several times larger' than the elytra. They are clearly much larger and must fold to fit.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The elytra are lifted, and the hindwings unfold, at takeoff. Folding back up after landing takes about two seconds.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The folding was first observed directly in 2017, using a transparent artificial elytron and micro-CT.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The magnet was built for CRAFT, China's fusion-technology test facility in Hefei, not an operating reactor. It passed acceptance on June 27, 2026.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
98 kA is the magnet's operating current rather than an 'up to' maximum. Conductor samples were tested at 100 kA and 12 T.
The Reel
“world's largest”
The record
And the comparison with ITER (1.3 times the volume, three times the stored energy) are claims made by the developer, ASIPP.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Sixteen such TF coils would produce 6.5 T at the plasma center and a 14.5 T peak field.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The coil is designed for a 60-year life under extreme cold, high current and radiation. A high-temperature-superconducting central solenoid coil passed full-parameter testing the same day.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The laser is launched into and travels inside the film, which acts as a waveguide. It isn't shone through the bubble from outside.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The branching comes from the film's smooth thickness variations, which act as a disordered refractive-index landscape. Curvature only adds extra focusing that makes the branches more parallel.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Branched flow was first observed for electrons and microwaves. Seeing it in light was a first, reported in Nature in 2020 (Patsyk, Sivan, Segev, Bandres).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Counterintuitively, the filaments stay collimated (nearly straight) despite the random medium.
The Reel
“microscopic lenses”
The record
Is a helpful analogy. The researchers describe the effect as a correlated disordered potential whose features are larger than the wavelength.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The jump was Canadian stuntman Ken Carter's project. The backers and film crew had Powers make it without Carter, reportedly believing Carter had lost his nerve.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The car didn't reach the river's middle. Its parachutes deployed early and it came down in shallow water off the Canadian shore after about 506 feet.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Bumps in the old runway cracked the fiberglass body, and the car reached about 180 mph at the ramp instead of the planned 270 mph.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Carter was killed in a 1983 rocket-car jump in Peterborough, Ontario. Powers died in 2009.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Z runs at about 26 MA, peaking near 30 MA, in pulses of about 100 nanoseconds. 'Tens of millions' is right but vague.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
On Z, the current usually flows through wire arrays or metal liners that vaporize into plasma, not through a pre-existing plasma column.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The magnetic pressure is about 100 Mbar (about 100 million atmospheres) at 26 MA and 1 mm.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The credited source is Zap Energy, a fusion company with its own sheared-flow Z-pinch design, which is different from Sandia's Z machine.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Z is also the world's most powerful X-ray source (about 2.7 MJ per shot) and is used for weapons-effects testing and material science, not only fusion.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Charls is credited jointly with Rick Winters, Dana Kunze, Bruce Boccia and Mike Foley. 'Charls is still credited with the record' reads as if he holds it alone.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The competition required at least one somersault and an unassisted exit from the water. Later, higher attempts failed on the second rule (Dickison 1985, Favre 1987).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I found no source for the '70 mph' entry speed. A frictionless fall from 52.4 m gives about 72 mph, so the figure is a plausible estimate rather than a measured speed.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
This was the last World Record High Dive that Wide World of Sports produced. Sources disagree on the month (March or May 1983).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Laso Schaller's 2015 leap from 193 ft is classed as a jump, not a dive, which is why the 172 ft dive record still stands under these criteria.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Dopamine is mainly about 'wanting' (incentive motivation) and reward learning, not pleasure itself. Raising dopamine can increase desire without increasing 'liking'.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Pleasure depends on small hedonic hotspots (in the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum and brainstem), where opioids and endocannabinoids amplify it.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Researchers separate momentary pleasure (hedonia) from broader happiness that includes meaning (eudaimonia), so 'happiness' isn't just reward chemistry.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The serotonin list (mood, appetite, sleep) is a broad generalization, not a mechanism of happiness.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel's headline claim that there's no single feel-good chemical matches the research.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
I couldn't confirm the general claim that dopamine 'often decreases' during sadness. The 2020 review describes distributed circuits (subgenual anterior cingulate, dorsal periaqueductal gray, frontal changes) rather than a simple dopamine drop.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Ordinary sadness is a normal emotion and distinct from clinical depression.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Motivation ('wanting', which dopamine supports) and pleasure ('liking', which depends on opioid hotspots) are separable systems, so 'reduced motivation and pleasure' isn't a single dopamine effect.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The serotonin and norepinephrine claims are broad generalizations, not established mechanisms of sadness.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Reviews place the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the core threat circuit alongside the amygdala and hypothalamus.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Reduced prefrontal activity is associated with more reactive aggression, but it's a correlation and not a single cause.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Researchers distinguish anger, the emotion, from aggression, the behavior.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Anger is also linked to frustration when an expected reward isn't delivered, not only to threat detection.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The bodily surge is the general sympathetic fight-or-flight response, the same one seen in fear, not something unique to anger.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The anterior insula is important for disgust but isn't disgust-specific. It represents the body's internal state across many emotions.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Core (contamination) disgust and social (moral) disgust engage partly different networks, threat-detection versus social cognition, though both use the anterior insula.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Meta-analyses also implicate occipital and prefrontal regions, not just the insula, basal ganglia and amygdala.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Recognizing disgust in others may depend on a more ventral part of the insula than feeling disgust does.
The Reel
“a neural system that detects contamination”
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The locus coeruleus isn't a surprise-specific system. It responds to behaviorally relevant deviant stimuli and also governs general arousal and attention.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Other neuromodulatory systems besides the LC may also respond to unexpected stimuli, which is a question brainstem fMRI research is still testing.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The LC is a small brainstem nucleus whose projections reach most of the brain, which is why a brief burst can raise arousal broadly.
The Reel
“comparing information with predictions”
The record
Is a model of surprise (prediction error), not a single identified circuit.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The HPA 'axis' doesn't release cortisol in one step. The hypothalamus releases CRH, the pituitary releases ACTH, and the adrenal cortex then releases cortisol.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The HPA response isn't simultaneous. Harvard Health describes it as a second wave that follows as the initial epinephrine surge subsides.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The amygdala is central to fear of external threats but not essential to all fear. Amygdala-damaged patients still felt fear and panic after inhaling carbon dioxide (Feinstein et al., 2013).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The amygdala and hypothalamus can start the cascade before the brain's visual centers have fully processed the scene.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The parasympathetic nervous system acts as the 'brake', calming the body once the threat passes.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The transporter is blocked quickly, but benefits typically appear after 1 to 2 weeks and the full effect can take longer (NHS). Why it takes this long is still being researched.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The low-serotonin (monoamine) explanation of depression is a hypothesis researchers postulate, not settled fact (StatPearls).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
SSRIs can cause withdrawal symptoms when reduced or stopped. The NHS says not to stop suddenly without speaking to a doctor.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
SSRIs are called 'selective' because, unlike older antidepressant classes, they have little effect on dopamine or norepinephrine (StatPearls).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
UK guidance calls for monitoring young adults for suicidal thoughts early in treatment.
The Reel
“more than 100 times”
The record
Applies only to open-cell foam, at about 150 times. Closed-cell foam expands about 35 to 50 times (US DOE Building America).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The two types differ mainly in their blowing agent. Open-cell foam is blown mainly by water and closed-cell foam mainly by HFC-type agents.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The reaction is exothermic. Closed-cell foam is sprayed in lifts of about 2 inches because thick lifts can overheat, scorch or ignite.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Both foams are combustible and usually need a thermal barrier (such as 1/2-inch drywall) or an ignition barrier.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Isocyanates can cause asthma-type sensitization. Occupants should stay out during spraying and curing, and re-entry times vary by product (EPA cites some manufacturers recommending about 24 hours).
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The 114 figure comes from a method that, since 2021, excludes remains in clandestine graves, deaths in confrontations with security forces and deaths in prison. Critics estimate the official count undercounted 2023 homicides by up to 47%, so comparisons with 2015 are not like for like.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
2015 had 6,656 homicides, a rate of about 105 per 100,000. For 2024 the Attorney General reported 114 while the police tally was 106.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Homicides were already falling before the crackdown, to about 18 per 100,000 in 2021, during a period that Foreign Policy and others link to secret government-gang negotiations.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The crackdown is a state of exception suspending constitutional rights, extended 33 times by December 2024, with more than 83,000 people detained.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
Human-rights bodies, including Amnesty International and the IACHR, report arbitrary detentions, mass trials and deaths in custody. The footage is credited to President Nayib Bukele's own account.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The Reel
The case file doesn't quote the Reel here.
The record
The Reel calls glucose and urea 'cytoprotectants'; the standard term is cryoprotectants. I kept the Reel's wording in the transcript.
What the types mean: Confirmed: The record backs the Reel up. Wrong: The Reel got it wrong. Overstated: True in part, but the Reel claims too much. Understated: The Reel undersells it. Outdated: It was true once, or the plans have changed. Missing context: Accurate as far as it goes, but leaves out something that matters. Imprecise: Roughly right, but loose with a name, number or term. Unverified: The record doesn't confirm it either way. Dramatized/AI footage: The visuals are staged, rendered or AI-stylized. Footage note: Where the footage comes from, or what it really shows. Site note: A note about my own earlier entry, not the Reel. Unclear: Not classified yet: the note doesn't say which way it falls.