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Hail Storming

Short answer: Hail forms inside thunderstorm updrafts. According to NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), raindrops are carried up into very cold air and freeze.

The young hailstones then grow by colliding with supercooled water drops, liquid colder than freezing, which freeze onto them. A stone grows on a seed of ice, snow or dust. Water that freezes instantly traps air bubbles and makes cloudy ice, while water that freezes slowly makes clear ice. The alternating layers reflect the changing conditions a stone passes through, not just simple up-and-down trips. Hail falls when the updraft can no longer hold up its weight, and stronger updrafts can hold bigger stones. Hail 2 inches (5 cm) or larger usually comes from supercells, storms with a rotating updraft. The largest U.S. hailstone fell in Vivian, South Dakota, on July 23, 2010: 8.0 inches across and about 1.94 lb (0.88 kg). Small hail falls at roughly 9-25 mph, while stones over 4 inches can top 100 mph. 'Hail alley', where Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming meet, averages seven to nine hail days a year. Insurers count hail as a major part of the tens of billions of dollars in U.S. severe-storm losses each year. The footage shows hail falling past a porch and windows.

VideoWrite-up4 sources

What should you know about Hail Storming?

Quick facts. Each one stands alone and has a stable ID you can cite.

  1. Hailstones grow by catching supercooled water drops.

    DD-633-F01 · Write-up · Exhibit A (How it grows)
  2. The largest U.S. hailstone was 8.0 inches across.

    DD-633-F02 · Write-up · Exhibit D (The record)

Video transcript: Hail Storming: Ice That Grows in the Clouds

DID YOU KNOW? Hailstorms form when strong updrafts in thunderclouds carry water droplets high into freezing regions of the atmosphere, where they accumulate layers of ice before falling as solid balls of hail. Depending on their size, which can range from pea size to larger than baseballs, hail stones can inflict immense damage upon impact, sometimes causing billions in agricultural and property losses. NOW YOU KNOW!

Burned-in captions, read frame by frame (see transcript.md) · 21.1s Reel ·

Video coming soonHail Storming · Instagram Reel
Hail Storming: Ice That Grows in the Clouds Instagram Reel · · 21.1s

The write-up

Ice that grows in the clouds. Storm updrafts keep hailstones aloft until they're too heavy.

  1. Exhibit A

    How it grows

    Updrafts lift raindrops into very cold air, where they freeze and then grow by catching supercooled drops.

  2. Exhibit B

    Why it falls

    Hail falls when the updraft can't hold it up anymore. Stronger updrafts can hold bigger stones.

  3. Exhibit C

    Supercells

    Hail 2 inches or larger is usually linked to supercell thunderstorms.

  4. Exhibit D

    The record

    The largest U.S. hailstone fell in Vivian, South Dakota, on July 23, 2010: 8.0 inches across.

  5. Exhibit E

    The cost

    Insurers count hail as a major part of the tens of billions of dollars in U.S. severe-storm losses each year.

Questions people ask about Hail Storming

What do young hailstones collide with to grow?

Liquid drops below freezing freeze onto them.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (How it grows) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

When does hail fall?

Gravity wins over the updraft.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Why it falls) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

Hail 2 inches or larger usually comes from which storms?

Supercells have strong rotating updrafts.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Supercells) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

How wide was the record Vivian hailstone?

8.0 inches across.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (The record) · NWS Aberdeen: Record setting hail event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010

Which states meet in 'hail alley'?

Seven to nine hail days a year on average.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Why it falls) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

Test Your Knowledge

All quizzes →

5 questions, all from this case file. Answers are revealed instantly.

  1. What do young hailstones collide with to grow?

    1. Supercooled water drops
    2. Snowflakes only
    3. Dust storms
    4. Lightning
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Supercooled water drops Liquid drops below freezing freeze onto them. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (How it grows) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

  2. When does hail fall?

    1. When the updraft can't hold it up
    2. When it reaches the cloud top
    3. At sunset
    4. When it melts
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. When the updraft can't hold it up Gravity wins over the updraft. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Why it falls) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

  3. Hail 2 inches or larger usually comes from which storms?

    1. Supercells
    2. Drizzle
    3. Fog
    4. Snow squalls
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Supercells Supercells have strong rotating updrafts. Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Supercells) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

  4. How wide was the record Vivian hailstone?

    1. 8.0 inches
    2. 2 inches
    3. 12 inches
    4. 20 inches
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. 8.0 inches 8.0 inches across. Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (The record) · NWS Aberdeen: Record setting hail event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010

  5. Which states meet in 'hail alley'?

    1. Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming
    2. Florida, Georgia and Alabama
    3. Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire
    4. Oregon, Idaho and Nevada
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming Seven to nine hail days a year on average. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Why it falls) · NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Basics; NOAA NSSL: Severe Weather 101, Hail Forecasting

Cite this case file

Easterling, Marcus. "Hail Storming." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-633, last updated Aug 7, 2025. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/hail-storming/

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