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Kailasa Temple

Short answer: The Kailasa temple is Cave 16 of the Ellora Caves in Maharashtra, India, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. UNESCO calls it the largest monolithic temple of the 34 caves, which were cut into a basalt cliff between about AD 600 and 1000.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) calls it the largest single monolithic excavation and attributes it to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I (c. 757–783), citing a copper-plate inscription of c. 812–813. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and named after Mount Kailash, which Hindu tradition holds to be Shiva's home. Rather than being built up from blocks, it was cut downward from the top of a sloping rock face into a free-standing shrine, with a gateway, a Nandi pavilion and a surrounding courtyard. Wikipedia, citing published estimates, puts the stone removed at about 85,000 m³, weighing about 200,000 tonnes, and the courtyard at about 82 by 46 m. Those figures are modern estimates, not records. The court elephants and an elephant-and-lion frieze around the base are among the parts the historian M. K. Dhavalikar attributes to Krishna I. Other parts, including the sculpture of Ravana shaking Mount Kailasa, appear to be later additions. The footage is aerial and close-up drone video of the temple and its carved walls.

VideoWrite-up4 sources

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What should you know about Kailasa Temple?

Quick facts. Each one stands alone and has a stable ID you can cite.

  1. The Kailasa temple at Ellora was carved downward out of a single basalt cliff.

    DD-605-F01 · Write-up · Exhibit B (Top down)
  2. UNESCO calls the Kailasa temple the largest monolithic temple at Ellora.

    DD-605-F02 · Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16)

Video transcript: Kailasa Temple: Carved From the Top Down

DID YOU KNOW? The Kailasa Temple at Ellora, India, is a marvel of ancient engineering carved from a single Basalt monolith in the 8th century. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this rock-cut temple, part of the Ellora Caves, was excavated vertically from a hillside, removing over 200,000 tons of stone. Its intricate carvings including life-size elephants and a 100-foot tall central tower showcased Rastrakuta dynasty craftsmanship. NOW YOU KNOW!

Burned-in captions, read frame by frame (see transcript.md) · 22.3s Reel ·

Video coming soonKailasa Temple · Instagram Reel
Kailasa Temple: Carved From the Top Down Instagram Reel · · 22.3s

The write-up

Carved from the top down. Ellora's Cave 16 was cut out of one basalt cliff, not built.

  1. Exhibit A

    Cave 16

    Kailasa is Cave 16 of Ellora's 34 caves, and UNESCO calls it the largest monolithic temple there.

  2. Exhibit B

    Top down

    It was cut downward from the top of a sloping basalt cliff, not built from blocks.

  3. Exhibit C

    Krishna I

    The ASI attributes it to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I (c. 757–783), citing an inscription of c. 812–813.

  4. Exhibit D

    How much stone?

    About 200,000 tonnes removed is a modern estimate, not a recorded figure.

  5. Exhibit E

    Not all at once

    The court elephants date to Krishna I's reign, and some sculptures were added later.

Questions people ask about Kailasa Temple

Which cave number is the Kailasa temple at Ellora?

Of 34 caves at the site.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Top down) · Wikipedia: Kailasa temple, Ellora; Wikipedia: Ellora Caves

In which direction was the temple carved?

Cut down into a sloping basalt cliff.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

Which dynasty's king is the temple attributed to?

Krishna I, according to the ASI.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

What rock is the temple carved from?

The Ellora cliff is Deccan Traps basalt.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

When was Ellora inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Along with nearby Ajanta.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Top down) · Wikipedia: Kailasa temple, Ellora; Wikipedia: Ellora Caves

Test Your Knowledge

All quizzes →

5 questions, all from this case file. Answers are revealed instantly.

  1. Which cave number is the Kailasa temple at Ellora?

    1. Cave 16
    2. Cave 1
    3. Cave 34
    4. Cave 10
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Cave 16 Of 34 caves at the site. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Top down) · Wikipedia: Kailasa temple, Ellora; Wikipedia: Ellora Caves

  2. In which direction was the temple carved?

    1. From the top down
    2. From the bottom up
    3. From the inside out
    4. Assembled from blocks
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. From the top down Cut down into a sloping basalt cliff. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

  3. Which dynasty's king is the temple attributed to?

    1. Rashtrakuta
    2. Mughal
    3. Maurya
    4. Chola
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Rashtrakuta Krishna I, according to the ASI. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

  4. What rock is the temple carved from?

    1. Basalt
    2. Marble
    3. Granite
    4. Sandstone
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Basalt The Ellora cliff is Deccan Traps basalt. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Cave 16) · UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ellora Caves; Archaeological Survey of India: World Heritage Ellora Caves

  5. When was Ellora inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

    1. 1983
    2. 1953
    3. 2003
    4. 2013
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. 1983 Along with nearby Ajanta. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Top down) · Wikipedia: Kailasa temple, Ellora; Wikipedia: Ellora Caves

Cite this case file

Easterling, Marcus. "Kailasa Temple." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-605, last updated Jun 28, 2025. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/kailasa-temple/

Permalink: https://detailenjoyer.com/case/kailasa-temple/ · Last updated

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