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Northrop Grumman

Short answer: Northrop Grumman is a US aerospace and defense company based in Falls Church, Virginia. Its 2025 annual report (Form 10-K) says the company began in 1939 in Hawthorne, California, as Northrop Aircraft Incorporated, founded by Jack Northrop.

Northrop Corporation was a principal developer of flying-wing designs, which, according to the company's heritage page, led to the B-2 stealth bomber. In 1994 it acquired the Grumman Corporation, which built the Apollo Lunar Module, and the combined company was renamed Northrop Grumman. The heritage page lists more than 20 companies it has since absorbed, including Westinghouse's defense electronics business (1996), Litton (2001), TRW (2002), Scaled Composites (2007) and Orbital ATK (2018). The 10-K reports 2025 sales of $41.954 billion, about 84% of them to the US government, and about 95,000 employees. It lists the B-21 Raider long-range strike bomber for the US Air Force and support for the B-2 Spirit among its key programs. For NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, launched on December 25, 2021, Northrop Grumman was the prime contractor. It designed and built the deployable sunshield, provided the spacecraft and integrated the whole observatory. NASA describes the sunshield as five layers of Kapton coated with reflective metal, each thinner than a human hair, about the size of a tennis court. The Reel uses company footage, including a hangar with aircraft, a holographic globe, an underwater drone, a cleanroom and a satellite.

VideoWrite-up4 sources

In collections:The Arsenal

What should you know about Northrop Grumman?

Quick facts. Each one stands alone and has a stable ID you can cite.

  1. Northrop Grumman began as Northrop Aircraft in 1939.

    DD-604-F01 · Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop)
  2. Northrop Grumman built the Webb telescope's sunshield.

    DD-604-F02 · Write-up · Exhibit E (Webb's sunshield)

Video transcript: Northrop Grumman: From Flying Wings to Webb's Sunshield

DID YOU KNOW? Northrop Grumman a global aerospace and defense leader, specializes in advanced technology systems. Founded in 1939, it designs cutting-edge platforms and autonomous systems for air, land, and sea. Its innovations include radar-evading materials and space technologies, such as the James Webb Space Telescope's sunshield. NOW YOU KNOW!

Burned-in captions, read frame by frame (see transcript.md) · 17.4s Reel ·

Video coming soonNorthrop Grumman · Instagram Reel
Northrop Grumman: From Flying Wings to Webb's Sunshield Instagram Reel · · 17.4s

The write-up

From flying wings to Webb's sunshield. Founded in 1939, merged with Grumman in 1994.

  1. Exhibit A

    Started as Northrop

    The company began in 1939 as Northrop Aircraft in Hawthorne, California.

  2. Exhibit B

    Plus Grumman

    In 1994 Northrop acquired Grumman, builder of the Lunar Module, and took the combined name.

  3. Exhibit C

    Flying wings

    Northrop's flying-wing work led to the B-2 stealth bomber; the B-21 Raider is its successor program.

  4. Exhibit D

    By the numbers

    2025 sales were about $42 billion, roughly 84% to the US government, with about 95,000 employees.

  5. Exhibit E

    Webb's sunshield

    As Webb's prime contractor, it designed and built the five-layer sunshield.

Questions people ask about Northrop Grumman

When was Northrop Aircraft founded?

In Hawthorne, California.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

Which company merged with Northrop in 1994?

The combined company became Northrop Grumman.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

Which Apollo craft did Grumman build?

Per Northrop Grumman's heritage page.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

What did Northrop Grumman build for the Webb telescope?

And the spacecraft, as prime contractor.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Plus Grumman) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

How many layers does Webb's sunshield have?

Each thinner than a human hair.

Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Plus Grumman) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

Test Your Knowledge

All quizzes →

5 questions, all from this case file. Answers are revealed instantly.

  1. When was Northrop Aircraft founded?

    1. 1939
    2. 1909
    3. 1969
    4. 1994
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. 1939 In Hawthorne, California. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

  2. Which company merged with Northrop in 1994?

    1. Grumman
    2. Boeing
    3. Lockheed
    4. Douglas
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Grumman The combined company became Northrop Grumman. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

  3. Which Apollo craft did Grumman build?

    1. The Lunar Module
    2. The Saturn V
    3. The command module
    4. The lunar rover
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. The Lunar Module Per Northrop Grumman's heritage page. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Started as Northrop) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

  4. What did Northrop Grumman build for the Webb telescope?

    1. The sunshield
    2. The mirrors only
    3. The launch rocket
    4. Mission control
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. The sunshield And the spacecraft, as prime contractor. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Plus Grumman) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

  5. How many layers does Webb's sunshield have?

    1. Five
    2. One
    3. Fifty
    4. Two
    Show the answer

    Answer: A. Five Each thinner than a human hair. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Plus Grumman) · Northrop Grumman Form 10-K for 2025 (SEC); Northrop Grumman: Our heritage

Cite this case file

Easterling, Marcus. "Northrop Grumman." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-604, last updated Jun 27, 2025. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/northrop-grumman/

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