Synaptic Transmission
Short answer: Neurons communicate at synapses, junctions between two nerve cells. When an action potential reaches the end of the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles.
They cross the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, opening ion channels. Depending on the neurotransmitter and receptor, the effect excites or inhibits the next neuron. The footage is an animation of a synapse.
In collections:The Brain
What should you know about Synaptic Transmission?
Quick facts. Each one stands alone and has a stable ID you can cite.
Neurons meet at synapses.
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles.
Video transcript: Synaptic Transmission: Neurons Pass Signals Across a Gap Called the Synaptic Cleft
Did you know, synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other? This communication occurs at the synapse, a specialized junction between two neurons. When an electrical impulse or action potential reaches the end of a presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters stored in vesicles. These neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing ion channels to open. This can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. Depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved, the precise regulation of synaptic transmission is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. NOW YOU KNOW!
Burned-in captions, read frame by frame (see transcript.md) · 30.7s Reel ·
The write-up
Neurons pass signals across a gap called the synaptic cleft. Chemical messengers can excite or inhibit the next neuron.
- Exhibit A
Synapse
Neurons meet at synapses.
- Exhibit B
Vesicles
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles.
- Exhibit C
Cleft
They cross the synaptic cleft.
- Exhibit D
Receptors
They bind to receptors.
- Exhibit E
Excite or inhibit
They can excite or inhibit.
Questions people ask about Synaptic Transmission
Where do neurons communicate?
Junctions.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Synapse) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
What triggers release?
An electrical impulse.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Vesicles) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Tiny sacs.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Cleft) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
What gap do they cross?
Between neurons.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Receptors) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse; Wikipedia: Neurotransmitter
What can the signal do?
Depends on receptor.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit E (Excite or inhibit) · Wikipedia: Neurotransmitter
Test Your Knowledge
All quizzes →5 questions, all from this case file. Answers are revealed instantly.
Where do neurons communicate?
- At synapses
- In bones
- In blood
- In skin
Show the answer
Answer: A. At synapses Junctions. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Synapse) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
What triggers release?
- An action potential
- Light
- Heat
- Sound
Show the answer
Answer: A. An action potential An electrical impulse. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Vesicles) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
- Vesicles
- Nuclei
- Ribosomes
- Bones
Show the answer
Answer: A. Vesicles Tiny sacs. Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (Cleft) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse
What gap do they cross?
- The synaptic cleft
- The aorta
- The cortex
- The spine
Show the answer
Answer: A. The synaptic cleft Between neurons. Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Receptors) · Wikipedia: Chemical synapse; Wikipedia: Neurotransmitter
What can the signal do?
- Excite or inhibit
- Only freeze
- Only heat
- Nothing
Show the answer
Answer: A. Excite or inhibit Depends on receptor. Source: Write-up · Exhibit E (Excite or inhibit) · Wikipedia: Neurotransmitter
Cite this case file
Easterling, Marcus. "Synaptic Transmission." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-275, last updated Jul 20, 2024. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/synaptic-transmission/
Permalink: https://detailenjoyer.com/case/synaptic-transmission/ · Last updated
Cite a single fact by its ID, for example DD-275-F01 → https://detailenjoyer.com/case/synaptic-transmission/#DD-275-F01
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